The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike ) is the final spike of 17.6-carat ceremonial gold powered by Leland Stanford to join the rail from the First Transcontinental Railroad across United States- the country that connects the Central Pacific railway and Union Pacific on May 10, 1869, at the Promontory Summit, the Utah Territory. The term last spike has been used to refer to one that is encouraged at the ordinary ceremonial completion of a new railway construction project, particularly where construction is carried out from two different origins to the point of meeting. The surge is now displayed at the Cantor Art Center at Stanford University.
Video Golden spike
History
Completing the last relationship in a transcontinental railway with a golden spike is the brainchild of David Hewes, a San Francisco financier and contractor. The spike was produced early that year mainly for the event by William T. Garratt Foundry in San Francisco. Two sides carved with names of officers and train directors. A special tie from a polished California laurel is chosen to complement the line at which the spike will be pushed. The ceremony was originally held on May 8, 1869 (the date actually engraved on the spike), but the ceremony was postponed two days due to bad weather and labor disputes that delayed the arrival of the Union Pacific side of the railroad.
On May 10, to anticipate the ceremony, Union Pacific No. 119 and the Central Pacific. 60 (better known as Jupiter ) locomotive is made face to face at the Promontory Summit. It is unknown how many people attended the event; estimates ranging from as low as 500 to 3,000; government officials and trains and trained workers were present to watch the event.
Before the last spurt was encouraged, three other warning spikes, presented on behalf of three other members of the Central Pacific's Great Four who had not attended the ceremony, had been encouraged in the pre-bored laurel agreement:
- a low-quality gold spike, supplied by San Francisco The newsletter is made of gold for $ 200 and says: With this San Francisco Newsletter spike offering its tribute to the great work that has joined the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- a silver spike, supplied by the State of Nevada; forged, not printed, of 25 troy ounces (780 g) of unmoved silver.
- cast iron, silver and gold spikes, supplied by the Arizona Region, engraved: Rolled up with silver-plated iron and crowned with Arizona gold presents its offer to a company that has established a continent and dictates the path to trade. This surge was given to Union Union President Oliver Ames after the ceremony. It's on display at the Union Pacific Railroad Museum in Council Bluffs, Iowa.
The gold spike is made of 17.6 carat gold mixtures (73%), and weighs 14.03 troy ounces (436 g). It falls into a pre-drilled hole in the last tie of the greeting ceremony, and gently taps into its place with a silver spike in ceremonial ceremonies. The spike was engraved on all four sides:
- The Pacific Railroad ground was broken on January 8, 1863, and finished May 8, 1869.
- Board of Directors C. P. R. R. from Cal. Hon Leland Stanford. C. P. Huntington. E. B. Crocker. Mark Hopkins. A. P. Stanford. E. H. Miller Jr.
- Officer. Hon Leland Stanford. Presdt. C. P. Huntington Vice Presdt. E. B. Crocker. Atty. Mark Hopkins. Tresr. Chas Crocker General. Supdt. E. H. Miller Jr. Secty. S. S. Montague. Chief Engr.
- May the Lord continue the unity of our State, because the Railroad unites the two great oceans of the world. Presented by David Hewes San Francisco.
The second golden spike, exactly as it was at the ceremony, was cast and carved at the same time. It was held, not publicly known, by the Hewes family until 2005. This second spike is now on a permanent screen, along with the famous Thomas Hill painting of The Last Spike at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento.
With the locomotives being pulled so close, the crowd pressed tightly around Stanford and other railway officials that the ceremony became irregular, leading to real events. Contrary to the myth that Central China's Chinese workers were specifically excluded from the celebration, A.J. Russell stereoview No. 539 shows "Chinese at Laying Last Rail UPRR". The eight Chinese placed the last rail, and three of them, Ging Cui, Wong Fook, and Lee Shao, lived long enough to participate in the 50th birthday parade. At the end of the ceremony, the participating Chinese people were respected and cheered by the CPRR officials and the head of the road construction, J.H Strobridge, at dinner in his private car.
To push the last spike, Stanford lifted the silver spear mike and pushed the spike into the tie, completing the line. Stanford and Hewes missed the spike, but the single word "finished" remains broadcast by telegraphs across the country. In the United States, this event has been considered one of the first national media events. Locomotives are moved forward until their "cow traps" meet, and photographs are taken. Soon after, the golden spikes and laurel ties were removed, lest they be stolen, and replaced with normal iron surges and normal ties. Exactly at 12:47 pm, the last iron surge was pushed, finally completing the track.
After the ceremony, Gold Spike was donated to the Stanford Museum (now Cantor Art Center) in 1898. The last laurel tie was destroyed in a fire caused by the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.
Maps Golden spike
Aftermath
Although the Promontory event marks the completion of the transcontinental railway line, it does not really mark the completion of the seamless coastal-to-coast rail network: neither Sacramento nor Omaha are harbors, nor do they have rail connections until after they are designated as terms. The Mossdale Bridge, which is the last section across the San Joaquin River near Lathrop, California, was finally completed in September 1869 connecting Sacramento in California. Passengers were required to cross the Missouri River between Council Bluffs, Iowa and Omaha, Nebraska, by ship until the construction of the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge in 1872. Meanwhile, a coast-to-coast rail line was reached in August. 1870 in Strasburg, Colorado, with the completion of the Denver expansion of the Kansas Pacific Railway.
In 1904 a new railway route called Lucin Cutoff was built by-passing the Promontory location to the south. By going west across the Great Salt Lake from Ogden, Utah, to Lucin, Utah, the new railway shortens the distance by 43 miles and avoids the curvature and value. The mainline train no longer passes through the Promontory Summit.
In 1942, the old rail above Promontory Summit was saved for the war effort; the event was marked by the "unsuccessful" ceremonial of the last iron surge. The original show has been forgotten by everyone except by locals, who set up a warning sign in 1943. The following year a memorial stamp was issued to mark the 75th anniversary. The years after the war saw a resurgence of interest in the event; The first re-show was staged in 1948.
In 1957, Congress established the National Historic Site of Golden Bell to preserve the area around the Promontory Summit as close as possible to its appearance in 1869. O'Connor Engineering Laboratories in Costa Mesa, California, designed and built a replica of locomotive work in the original ceremony for the Service Garden. These machines are made face-to-face every Saturday during the summer to re-show the event.
For May 10, 1969, a hundred years driving the last spike, the High Iron Company ran steam-powered steam train from New York City to Promontory. The Golden Spike Centennial Limited carries more than 100 passengers including, for the last leg to Salt Lake City, actor John Wayne. Union Pacific Railroad also sent a special sailing train and US Army Transportation Corp sent a special 3-steam-powered car from Fort Eustis, Virginia.
On May 10, 2006, on a commemorative driving day, Utah announced that the country's quarterly draft would be a picture of driving a surge. The Golden Spike design was chosen as the winner of several Utah governors, Jon Huntsman, Jr., after a period when Utah residents voted for and commented on their favorites from the three finalists.
"Golden Spike Days Celebration" (1939)
An elaborate four-day event called "The Golden Spike Day Celebration" was held in Omaha, NE, from April 26-29, 1939, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the UP and CPRR rides and ride the Last Spike at Promontory Summit, UT, in 1869. The middle of the celebration took place on April 28 with World Premiere of Cecil B. DeMille showing the film Union Pacific that took place simultaneously at the Omaha theater, the Orpheum and the Paramount municipalities. The film features an elaborate reenactment of the original Golden Spike ceremony (filmed in Canoga Park, CA) as a movie closing scene in which DeMille borrows the real Gold Spike from Stanford University to be held by Dr. W.H. Harkness (Stanley Andrews) as he delivered his speech before driving to complete the railroad tracks. (A prop spike is used for the actual hammer sequence.)
Also included as part of the main attractions of the entire celebration are the Golden Spike Historical Exposition, a collection of great artifacts (including the Golden Spike itself), tools, equipment, photographs, documents, and other materials from the construction of the displayed Pacific Railroad at the Omaha City Auditorium. The four-day event drew more than 250,000 people to Omaha during the trip, an amount that is roughly equivalent to the city's population. The celebration was opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt who inaugurated it by pressing the telegraph button at the White House in Washington, DC.
On the same day as the premiere of the film, a standing golden spike of so-called "Golden Monument" and approximately 56 feet (17 m) was also revealed on 21st Street and 9th Avenue in Council Bluffs, IA, adjacent to the main UP, milepost location 0.0 from the Pacific Railroad road section.
In popular culture
Artwork
- In 2012, Artist Greg Stimac used the original "golden spike", which is on display at the Cantor Art Center at Stanford University, to produce a series of photograms, or camera photos.
Movies
- The first film's depiction of the gold spikesman took place in 1924's Iron Horse Movie, a silent film directed by John Ford and produced by Fox Film. In 2011, the film was considered "culturally, historically, or aesthetically" by the United States Congress Library and selected for preservation at the National Film Registry.
- The 1939 Paramount production Union Pacific directed by Cecil B. de Mille ends with a golden spike.
- In the Wild Wild West action fiction comedy film (1999), the merging ceremony is the setting up of an assassination attempt against US President Ulysses S. Grant by Dr. Dragon's antagonist. Arliss Loveless. (In fact Grant did not attend the Golden Spike ceremony.) The Promontory Peak show set for the Golden Spike movie ceremony scene was built at Cook's Ranch area of ​​20,000 acres near Santa Fe, New Mexico.
- The Golden Spike ceremony is depicted in the adaptation of The Lone Ranger (2013) film starring Armie Hammer and Johnny Depp.
Television
- Hell in the Wheel presents a multi-season arc on the construction of transcontinental railroad tracks. In Season 5, Episode 11, an advanced flash sequence includes a railway ceremony picture and a main character who claims to have a golden ring made of part of a ceremonial golden spike.
Toys
- In 2015, the Lego model depicting the golden surge ceremony has been sent to the Lego Ideas website.
Music
- Railroad Earth, a bluegrass band, often features songs about the event, titled "The Jupiter and the 119".
Train
- The Inyo , a 4-4-0 steam locomotive built for Virginia & amp; Truckee Railroad (V & amp # T # 22) in 1875 by Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, appeared in both Golden Spike ceremonies at Union Pacific (1939) and in the 1960s TV series < i> The Wild Wild West . In May 1969, Inyo participated in Centa Centa Gold in Promontory, Utah, and later served as a replica of Jupiter in the Central Pacific (CPRR # 60) at the National Hiking Site Gold, until a replica is currently built in 1979. Purchased by the Nevada State Railroad Museum in Carson City, Nevada, in 1974, was finally brought back to Nevada and fully restored there in 1983, where it is still operating today..
See also
- Cornerstone
- Last Spike (Canadian Pacific Railway)
- List of inherited railroads in the United States
References
External links
- Historical Monument National Gold Spike
- The 1969 Golden Golden Spike Centennial at ThemeTrains.com.
- Golden Spike Tower and Visitor Center (Nebraska)
- San Francisco City Virtual Museum: Riding the Last Spike
- The Fort Ogden website displays a re-display
- Central Pacific Railway History of Photography Museum
- Chinese in Promontory, May 10, 1869.
- New Views in Gold Spikes
- A catalog record for Gold spikes at Cantor Art Center at Stanford University
- Gold Spike Paper Oral History
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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