Every major religion has developed a moral code that includes issues of sexuality, morality, ethics, etc. This moral code seeks to regulate situations that may engender a sexual interest and affect the activities and sexual practices of people.
Sexual morality varies considerably over time and across cultures. The sexual norms of a society - standards of sexual behavior - can be attributed to religious beliefs, or social and environmental conditions, or all of this. Sexuality and reproduction are fundamental elements in human-society interactions around the world. Furthermore, "sexual restrictions" are one of the universal cultures peculiar to all human societies. Thus, most religions have seen the need to answer the question of the "proper" role for sexuality in human interaction. Different religions have different sexual morality codes, which regulate sexual activity or assign normative values ​​to certain sexually charged acts or thoughts.
Religious and religious views vary, from giving sex and sexuality a rather negative connotation to believing that sex is the supreme expression of the divine. Some religions distinguish between sexual activity undertaken for biological reproduction (sometimes permitted only when in formal marriage status and at a certain age), and other activities performed for sexual pleasure, as immoral.
Video Religion and sexuality
Ibrahim's religion
BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' faith
In Baha'a Religion, sexual relations are only allowed between husband and wife. BahÃÆ'¡'u'llÃÆ'¡h, the founder of BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith in his law, KitÄ b-i-Aqdas, prohibits sexual intercourse outside of marriage. The Baha'i understanding of sex is that sanctity should be practiced by both sexes before marriage because it can be praised ethically and it leads to a happy and successful marriage life. The BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith recognizes the value of the sex drive, but that its proper use is within the institution of marriage; Baha'is does not believe in the suppression of sexual urges but in the setting and control.
Christianity
Biblical references to sex and sexuality
There are several references to sexuality in the Bible. The interpretation of Scripture has varied over time and across traditions, and therefore varyingly shapes Christians' thinking about sex.
The interpretation of these texts in the Christian tradition varies. While many scriptures have served to promote chastity, celibacy, and heterosexual marriage and denounce acts such as premarital sexual behavior and homosexuality, some denominations and groups including but not limited to Feminists, Queer, and Black Theologians have used these texts (and others ) for further positive sex in a Christian context.
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In early Christianity and asceticism, sex (procreation of children) was not emphasized, while celibacy and virginity were highly praised. The Apostle Paul states in 1 Corinthians that it is good for [unmarried people] to remain this way, but if they can not control themselves, they must marry, "because it is better to marry than to be burned with lust." Some say that Paul's sexual treatment is influenced by his belief that the end of the world is imminent. Under this view, Paul, believing that the world is coming to an end, considers it a natural consequence that all worldly worries, including sex, should be less attractive to Christians. Paul's letters show a much greater concern for sexual matters than the gospel writers associated with Jesus, because Paul has been building Christian communities for decades and responding to the problems that arise.
Paul, however, supports marriage, and sex in marriage. She acknowledges that for married couples, sex is helpful in protecting them in connection with their temptations and she recommends ongoing sexual relations between couples, even if their religious observance can encourage them to distance themselves for a while. Importantly, Paul's view of sex also is that it is not necessary for those who have certain gifts (perhaps "celibacy").
New Testament scholar N. T. Wright affirms that Paul absolutely forbids sexual immorality, apart from new old Christian cultural practices. Wright noted, "If a Corinthian says, 'Because I am a Corinthian, I always have a row of female friends whom I slept, that's part of our culture,' Paul would reply, 'Not now you are a Christian no.' one does not agree with Paul's clear rules of angry immorality or disputes, the things he faces in Colossians 3.5-10, he is... firmly, as we see dramatically in 1 Corinthians 5 and 6. There is no place in Christian fellowship for such a practice and for such a person. "
The scriptures in the New Testament deal with varying sexuality. Subjects include: Apostolic Decision (Acts 15), sexual immorality, divine love (1 Corinthians 13), self-giving (1 Corinthians 7), membership of body between Christ and between wives (1 Corinthians 6: 15-20) and honor versus disgrace and adultery (Hebrews 13: 4).
The theologian Lee Gatiss states that "the word" fornication "is outdated and not commonly used to describe non-marital sex, but it is an excellent translation for biblical porneia, which basically refers to sex outside marriage. This has been contested... but the enormous burden of scholarship and all the available evidence of the ancient world shows firmly in this direction. "Escape sexual immorality (porneia) and self-control" (see I Thess. 4: 1-8) is a direct message to Christians in a sex-crazed world. "
In the early Church, the contemplation of scriptural texts introduced an eschatological hermeneutics to the reading of the Book of Genesis: The Garden of Eden is seen as a normative ideal state that Christians must pass through; the authors attribute the pleasures of Heaven in the future to the original glory of Adam and Eve in their reflection.
The virginity valuation in the ancient church brings the tension between the Genesis command to "be fruitful and multiply" Genesis 1:28, with contextual implications understood from marriage as a social institution, and an interpretation of the superiority of virginity to marriage, sexual activity and the formation of families from texts text of the Gospel of Matt. 19: 11-12, Matthew 19:29. One way a patristic thinker tries to harmonize the text is through the actual unrelated position in Eden: in this reading, sex occurs after the fall of man and the expulsion of Eden, thus preserving virginity as a perfect state in both the anticipated Historical Heaven and Heaven. John Chrysostom, Gregory of Nyssa, Justin Martyr, Epiphanius of Salamis, and Irenaeus of Lyons all support this view:
Gregory of Nyssa , On Virginity, 12 "He has yet to judge what is beautiful according to taste or vision, he finds in God himself all that sweet, and he uses the helper given to him only for this joy, which the Scripture says when it is said that he did not know him until he was expelled from the garden, and until he, because of the sin he broke, was inflicted by the pain of labor, in which our first ancestors thereby were allowed to return to our original blessed state by stage the same thing that we lose paradise.What are they? Pleasure, earnestly offered, from the Fall, and there followed after shame, and fear, even to stay longer in the view of the Creator, so that they hide themselves in the leaves and shadows, and after that they cover themselves with dead animal skins, and then sent to a wide field and demanded this where, like compensation for having to die, the marriage was instituted ".
John Chrysostom , On Virginity, 14.3 "When the whole world has finished and all has been prepared for our rest and use, God created man for whom he made the world... Man does need a helper, and he appears to be there is, even then no marriage seems to be needed... The desire for sexual intercourse, conception, labor, birth, and every form of corruption has been thrown out of their souls As a clear river shoots out of pure sources, so they are in a decorated place by virginity. "15.2" Why does marriage not arise before betrayal, why there is no relationship in heaven, why not labor before the curse, because at that time these things are useless ".
Irenaeus , Against Heresies, Book 3, ch 22: 4 "But Eve was disobedient, because she was disobedient when she was still a virgin, and even as she was, after a husband, Adam, because they are naked, and not ashamed, because they, who had been created a short time before, have no understanding of children's procreation: therefore it is necessary that they must first come into adulthood, and then breed from that time onward, after becoming disobedient, made the cause of death, both for himself and for all mankind... ".
Epiphanius of Salamis , Panarion 78.17-19 "And as in heaven, Eve, still a virgin, falls into the sin of disobedience, again through the Virgin [Mary] comes the obedience of grace".
Justin Martyr , Dialogue with Trypho ch 100 "For Eve, a virgin and immaculate, after containing the word of the serpent, breeds disobedience and death, but the Virgin Mary receives faith and joy, when the angel Gabriel announces the good news to him... ".
These theories can be seen in contrast to, for example, Genuine Unity in the system of Body Theology (see section 2.1, "Men and women 'at the beginning'").
One of the important elements in some of the Fathers above is the use of the argument of conformity, which has its place in ancient rhetoric, though considered a heuristic in contemporary philosophy. The argument of conformity follows the basic structure: God is, God is good, God created the world, a good God will make the world as perfect as possible. If some theories arise about problems that can not be tested empirically, and no other methodological test can be applied, the most fitting (understood as rational, elegant, or beautiful) is what makes sense to think right - that is an epistemological argument.
The epistemological argument of conformity is attributed to medieval philosophy, but it is also used in ancient periods. Justin Martyr and Epiphanius of Salamis use the argument of conformity - in their view, it is more elegant that there is symmetry between the virgins that lead to the fall and the virgin that causes salvation. Eve-Maria's typology seems to be one of the first important strands in Christian Mariology.
In addition to the above example, the reader may refer to Origen's Against Celsus, Book I, ch. 32.
Arguments of conformity are also used in ethics and aesthetics in the ancient world.
Prof John Noonan suggests that "if one asks... where the Christian Fathers take their understanding of the marriage relationship - ideas that have no clear biblical basis - the answer is sure, especially of the Stoics." He uses texts from Musonius Rufus, Seneca the Younger, and Ocellus Lucanus, tracing the work of Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Jerome to the works of earlier thinkers, especially with regard to the permissible use of sexual acts, which in Stoic models must subdued, impartially, and justified by the intention of procreation.
Augustine of Hippo has a different challenge: to respond to Manichaeism's faults. The Manichees, according to Augustine, "oppose marriage, because they oppose the procreation which is the purpose of marriage". Interestingly, "the method of contraception practiced by the Manichees people known to Augustine is the use of a sterile period as determined by Greek drugs", which Augustine condemned (this goes against the continuing use of Catholic Family Planning).
From the beginning of the thirteenth century, the Catholic Church officially recognized the marriage of men and women freely baptized as a sacrament - an outward sign communicating the special gift of God's love. The Council of Florence in 1438 provided this definition, following the Church's earlier statement in 1208, and declaring that sexual unity is a special participation in the union of Christ in the Church. But the Puritans, while deeply appreciating the institution, viewed marriage as a "civil matter" rather than a "religion" issue, "under the jurisdiction of civil courts". This is because they do not find a biblical precedent for priests who perform a wedding ceremony. Furthermore, marriage is said to be "a relief of lust" as well as any spiritual goal.
The Catholic moral theologian Charles E. Curran states "Church fathers are practically silent on the simple question of masturbation."
As the monastic community develops, the monks' sexual lives are under the supervision of two theologians, John Cassian and Caesarius of Arles, who comment on the "ugliness" of a solitary life. "Their concern is not by the act of masturbation, but with the monks who swore purity, the monks' oaths masturbate illicit acts, the act itself is not considered sinful... In fact... before Cassian, masturbation is not considered a sexual offense for whom even. "
Catholicism
The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that "the flesh is the hinge of salvation". The Catechism shows that sexual intercourse in marriage is "a way of imitating the flesh and fecundity of the Creator" and includes fornication as one "violation of purity," calling it "intrinsically and seriously." the faculty of sexuality, for whatever reason, outside marriage is essentially contrary to its purpose ". The "couples' action" aims "at a very personal unity, a unity that, transcending unity in one flesh, leads to the formation of one heart and soul" because marriage is a sign of love between God and man.
The first preface of Pope John Paul II is first about the theology of the body, presented in a series of lectures of the same name. For five years he describes a vision of sex that is not only positive and affirming but also about redemption, not a curse. He taught that by understanding God's plan for physical love we can understand "the meaning of all existence, the meaning of life." He taught that man was created by a loving God for a purpose: to be a loving person who freely chooses to love, to give himself as a person who expresses their self-giving through their bodies. Thus, the sexual relationship between husband and wife is a symbol of mutual donation.
For John Paul II, "the body, and itself, is capable of making visible what is invisible: spiritual and divine." He says there is no more perfect picture of God's unity and fellowship in mutual love than the married couple's sexual act, in which they give themselves totally - exclusively to each other, and to the end of their lives, and in a way that very generous by participating in the creation of new human beings. From this perspective, he understands the immorality of sex out of wedlock. It falsifies the human body language, the proper total love language for people by using the body for selfish purposes, thus treating people as things and things, rather than dealing with people who are manifested with respect and love incarnate worthy of the spirits. John Paul II emphasizes that there is extraordinary beauty in sexual love when it is in harmony with the human values ​​of totally freely chosen and self-giving commitments. For her, this sexual love is a form of worship, a sacred experience.
Roman Catholics believe that masturbation is a sin.
Protestantism
Virtually all Protestants state that any and all sex outside marriage, including committed between committed couples, engaging or living together, is a sin of fornication.
This premature sexual rejection includes even the most liberal church.
Protestants, however, agree on masturbation unlike Roman Catholics, because of the lack of biblical command of the action. Mainline and conservative Protestants agree masturbation is not a sin, although there are various restrictions, such as ensuring that it does not lead to the use of pornography or finding people or masturbating together or addicted to the action. Nor can it be done with a spirit against God.
In most Lutheran churches, Reformed and United from Evangelical Church in Germany and in the Netherlands and Switzerland see homosexuality as a violation of the 7th commandment. In Lutheran churches, United and Reformed churches (Luther/Calvin), gay waiters are not allowed in service and gay couples are not allowed in their churches.
Inside the Swedish Lutheran Church, Bishop of Stockholm, Eva Brunne is a lesbian.
The Metropolitan Community Church, also known as the Universal Guild of the Metropolitan Community Church, has a special reach for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families and communities.
Anglicanism
In the Anglican church there is a great discussion over gay couples' blessing and tolerance to homosexuality. The discussion is more about the aspect of love between two people of the same sex in a relationship than about the sexual aspects of a relationship. In some dioceses, the Anglican (Episcopal) churches in Canada and the United States allow gay priests openly in service and allow same-sex blessings, which have attracted much criticism from other parts of the Anglican Communion. Anglican churches in some parts of Africa are very conservative in their attitude toward homosexuality. Gay priests in most Anglican churches must be celibate if they wish to continue their work as priests.
Mormonism
In many branches of Mormonism, the denominational principle of the LDS Church teaches the conservative view of sexual ethics in their Purity Law which states that masturbation, pre- and extra-marital sex, and same-sex sexual activity are sinful. In the 1800s, however, it was possible for men to marry and have children with multiple women, and for women to marry several men at the same time.
On various occasions the LDS church leaders have taught that members should not masturbate as part of obedience to the LDS purity law. The LDS Church believes that sex outside the marriage of the opposite sex is a sin and that same-gender sexual activity is a serious sin. God is believed to be in heterosexual marriage with the Heavenly Mother and Mormons believing that the same kind of marriage God wants for all her children. The leaders of the LDS church are most commonly used to teach that the attraction for those of the same sex is a sin or disease that can be changed or corrected, but now there is no attitude towards the etiology of homosexuality, and teaches that therapy that focuses on changes in sexual orientation is unethical. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual members are thus left with the option of trying to change their sexual orientation, entering a mixed sex-oriented marriage, or undergoing celibacy without sexual expression (including masturbation).
The LDS Church teaches that the main role of women is to raise children. Women who reject this role as domestic women at home, seem unstable and corrupt. Prior to 1890 the Mormon leaders taught that polygamy was the path to salvation and many had wives in the early 1900s, and some women practiced polyandry.
The Mormon religion teaches that marriage must be with men and women. The LDS church teaches its members to obey the law of holiness which says that "sexual intercourse is just right between a man and a woman legally and legally married as a husband and wife." Violations of this code include "adultery, which without natural affection, lust, infidelity, incontinence, dirty communication, impurity, excessive love, fornication". Traditional Mormon religions prohibit all homosexual behavior, whether it is intra-marriage or out of wedlock. In Romans 1: 24-32, Paul preached to the Romans that homosexual behavior is a sin. In Leviticus 20:13, Moses inserts in his law that homosexual acts and behavior are contrary to the will of God. In the 1830s, LDS founder Joseph Smith instituted a private practice on polygamy. This practice is maintained by the church as a matter of religious freedom. In 1890, the practice of the church was stopped. Since the cessation of polygamy, Mormon only believed in marriage between two people, and two men were a man and a woman. The LDS community states that they still love homosexuals as sons and daughters of God, but if they act on their tendency they are subject to church discipline.
Unity Church
While the Church of Unity at one point in its history offers prayers for the healing of homosexuality, the church has consistently ordained openly gay men, beginning with Ernest C. Wilson, who was ordained minister by founder Charles Fillmore, who sent him to a church in Hollywood, California to learn its orientation.
Islam
Some modern Muslim countries have a legal system based entirely on Islamic law (called shariah ).
Islam encourages marriage as a form of religious practice, and considers it the best form of regulating human sexual relations. The verses of the Qur'an make it legal for Muslim men to marry women from other Abrahamic religions (ie Jews and Christians), provided that women are faithful (obedient) with their own religious beliefs. Contemporary scholars have upheld this ruling. A Muslim woman, on the other hand, is only allowed to marry a Muslim man for marrying a non-Muslim man would mean that children will grow as non-Muslims. A marriage contract between a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man has traditionally been considered illegal and void, and therefore legally an affair of adultery. Another reason is to ensure that women's legal rights are fully recognized in a marriage contract.
Most forms of sexual contact in marriage are allowed. Sex is considered a fun activity, even spiritual, and obligatory. At least one hadith explicitly states that for married couples to have sex is a good deed that is appreciated by God. Another hadith indicates that a man should not abandon the proverbial saying until the woman is satisfied, many references that say points to orgasm.
Prohibited sexual contact includes genital contact with a woman while she is menstruating. In such cases, other sexual contact (such as kissing and sexual activity excluding vaginal contact) is explicitly permitted. Temporary marriage ( Mut'a , a marriage set for a certain period) is not allowed by the majority of Sunni schools, but is allowed by Shi'ite schools. The debate continues on its validity.
Adultery guarantees severe punishment. Pre-marital sex is also considered sinful, though not so severe. All sharia law that regulates sexual behavior applies to both men and women, irrespective of those associated with menstruation.
There are different views on the topic of masturbation. While some scholars consider it unlawful and therefore prohibited in accordance with Islamic doctrine, others (such as Hanbali doctrine) believe that those who masturbate for fear of fornication or fear of their bodies do not make mistakes and are not punished if (and only if) they are not can get married. However, according to some traditions, men are encouraged to fast in order to avoid sexual immorality and tease themselves with sexual thoughts or conversations with the opposite sex outside of marriage is strongly discouraged.
Judaism
In the perspective of traditional Judaism, sex and reproduction are the most sacred acts a person can perform, actions through which one can imitate God, "the Creator," and to preserve his holiness there are many limits and guidelines. Within these limits, there is almost no direct stricture, and it is actually mandatory. It prohibits sexual intercourse outside of heterosexual marriage, maintaining biblical restrictions on relationships in marriage including niddah obedience, prohibition of relationships for periods including menstrual periods, and tzniut, simple dress requirements and behavior. Traditional Judaism views the physical act of adultery, incest, deliberate semen waste, men having anal sex with men, and male masturbation as a mortal sin. Judaism allows for a relatively free divorce, with Orthodox Judaism and Conservative Judaism which requires a religious divorce ceremony for divorce to be religiously recognized. Movements around the world in Judaism are considered more liberal to have rejected the Jewish law as a binding but more inspiring and allegorical perspective, thus adapting more consistently to contemporary western secular culture.
Most mainstream Judaism does not accept polyamory, although some people consider themselves Jewish and polyamorous. One of the leading rabbis who received polyamory was Sharon Kleinbaum who was ordained in Reconstructionist Judaism who considered biblical Jewish law not to be binding, but treated as a valuable cultural remnant to be enforced unless there was a reason for the opposite. He is a senior rabbi of the Congregation of Beit Simchat Torah in New York who works independently of American Jewish denominations; R Kleinbaum says that polyamory is an option that does not rule out conscious and socially conscious Jewish life. Some polyamorous Jews also point to the biblical patriarch who has many wives and concubines as evidence that polyamorous relations can be sacred within Judaism. There is an email list dedicated to polyamorous Jews, called AhavaRaba , which is roughly translated into "great love" in Hebrew. (His name echoes the prayer of Ahava rhyme expressing gratitude for "God's abundant love".)
Conservative
Conservative Judaism, consistent with the general view that halakha (Jewish law) is a guide that binds Jewish life but is subject to periodic revisions by the Rabbinate, has raised some of the limitations observed by Orthodox Judaism. Specifically, in December 2006, the Conservative Judaism Committee on Jewish Law and Standards adopted a responsa which presented a contradictory view of the issue of homosexuality. It adopts an opinion restricting previous restrictions on homosexual behavior to men only anal sex, expressed as the only biblical prohibition, declares all other restrictions (eg, rabbinic oral sex or lesbian), and lifts all rabbinic restrictions based on its interpretation of the Talmudic principle of Kevod HaBriyot ("human dignity"). While refusing to develop a form of gay religious marriage, it is possible to bless the lesbian and gay union and openly ordain lesbians and gay rabbis who agree not to engage in male anal sex. It is also a traditionalist opinion, upholding all traditional restrictions on homosexual activity, also adopted as a majority opinion, This approach allows rabbis, congregations, and rabbinical schools to set their own policies on homosexual behavior. This reflects a major change from the previous blanket ban on male homosexual practices. It recognizes the sharp distinction of views on sexual issues in Conservative Judaism, so there is no single Conservative Jewish approach to matters of sexuality. Conservative Judaism currently bridges the difference between the liberal and traditional opinions about sexual matters in contemporary American society, allowing both views.
Conservative Judaism has retained its books of various terms and restrictions, including the requirement that married women obey the laws of family purity and a general prohibition on non-marital heterosexual behavior. The family purity law requires women to be recognized as a home or niddah during their menstrual period. As a home woman, a woman has to wait 7 days for her menstrual cycle to end and then 7 "clean days" to enter mikveh and start sexual intercourse. During this time, it is forbidden to have any kind of contact with niddah, so that whatever it touches will not be touched and no physical contact is allowed. On the same day that the Jewish Legal and Standard Committee released its homosexual response, he released many opinions on niddah issues including an act that lifted certain traditional ban on husband-wife contact during the niddah period while maintaining a prohibition on sexual intercourse. The permissive response to homosexuality uses the Conservative movement's approach to niddah as an analogy to interpreting the biblical ban on male homosexual behavior in a narrow way and elevating restrictions that are considered Rabbinic. Responsum indicates that it will create a practical analogy between the approaches in which male homosexual couples will respect them to refrain from certain actions and their approach to niddah:
We expect homosexual students to observe the decision of this responsum in the same way that we expect heterosexual students to observe the CJLS ruling on niddah. We also hope that the interview committees, administrators, faculty, and fellow students will respect the privacy and dignity of gay and lesbian students in the same way as respecting the privacy and dignity of heterosexual students.
Responsum commands young people not to "alternate couples" and prepare themselves for "traditional marriage" if possible, although not explicitly lifting or re-enforcing any deviant deviations from non-marital heterosexual behavior.
Even before this response, strictures in premarital sex have been substantially ignored, even in official circles. For example, when the American Jewish Theological Seminary proposed to enforce policies against non-marital cohabitation by rabbinical students in the 1990s, protests by rabbinical students coexisting resulted in complete policy cancellations.
Conservative Judaism officially outlaws the marriage of different religions and its current standard indicates that it will expel a rabbi who makes interfaith marriages. He maintained formal prohibitions including the prohibition of making birth announcements in the synagogues bulletin for children of non-Jewish mothers and accepting non-Jewish individuals as members of the synagogue. However, interreligious marriages are relatively widespread among the Conservative laity, and the Conservative movement has recently adapted the policy of becoming more friendly to interfaith couples in the hope of attracting their children in Judaism.
Conservative Judaism, which for most of the 20th century the largest Jewish denomination in the United States declined sharply in synagogue membership in the United States in the 1990s, from 51% of synagogue membership in 1990 to 33.1% in 2001, with most losses go to Orthodox Judaism and much of the rest to the Reformation. The breakdown in American society on the view between the increasingly liberal and more traditionalist view of sexual and other issues, and the gap between the more traditionalist and liberal opinions of traditional and general lay-out vis-a-vis may have contributed to the decline.
Orthodox
There are several levels to observe the physical and personal decency ( tzniut ) according to Orthodox Judaism which comes from various sources in halakha. Observations of these rules vary from aspirational to mandatory to routine across the spectrum of strictures and Orthodox observances.
Orthodox Judaism also maintains a strong prohibition on sexual intercourse and interreligious marriage. Orthodox Judaism, alone of all Jewish denominations, retains relatively mild traditional flaws in divorce, including a biblical prohibition against a Kohen (Aaronic descendant) marrying a divorced widow or a woman who has been involved in some kind of sexual offense. This stricture, while observed, is generally regarded as a matter of personal status rather than of morality. Orthodox divorce bills are required for divorce to be recognized.
Reality, Reformation, Reconstruction and Humanistic
The Reformation of Judaism, Humanism of Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism does not observe or presuppose the rules of traditional sexuality and has welcomed unmarried and homosexual couples and supports homosexual and marriage commitment ceremonies.
Reformation and Reconstructionist Judaism is more tolerant of different religious marriages, and many rabbis in both communities will do one. Humanistic Judaism allows for marriage of different religions. Reform, Reconstruction, and Humanism Judaism also does not require a religious divorce ceremony separate from civil divorce.
It has been speculated that a more tolerant attitude towards the Reformation, Reconstructionist and Humanistic Judaism to sexual diversity and interfaith marriage may have contributed to their increased popularity during the 1990s, from about 33% of affiliated households to 38%, making it pass Conservative Judaism as the largest Jewish denomination in the United States.
Maps Religion and sexuality
Religion Dharma
Buddhism
The most common formulation of Buddhist ethics is the Five Precepts and the Noble Eightfold Path, which says that one should not be embedded or crave sensual pleasures. These rules take the form of voluntary, personal effort, not a divine mandate or instruction.
From the Five Precepts, the third vow is refraining from sex with other partners, minors (ie, those who are protected by their parents or guardians), and who have taken a religious celibacy oath. In Chinese Buddhism, the third vow is interpreted to refrain from sex outside marriage.
Buddhist monks and nuns of most traditions are expected to refrain from all sexual activity and the Buddha is said to have rebuked his followers to avoid impurity "as if it were a burning charred hole." While a layperson may have sex in marriage, bhikkhus may not have had sex at all.
Hinduism
Religiously, Hindus begin life in Brahmacharya or the "disciple" stage, where they are directed to roughly advance themselves educationally and spiritually to prepare themselves for further life dharma (community, work, parent, task etc.) and karma (true worldly actions); only once they reach the stage of Grihastya or "householder" they can seek out kama (physical pleasure) and artha (worldly attainment, material prosperity) through their marriage and their respective vocations.
The Kama Sutra (The discourse on K? Ma) by Vatsayana, widely believed to be just a manual for the sexual congress, offers insights into the customs, ethics and social rules prevalent at the time. Shringara Ras (Romansa, one of nine rasas or emotions). A drama in Sanskrit, Abhigyana Shakuntalam by Kalidasa, cited as one of the best examples of Shringara Race, speaks of the love story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala.
Neopaganism
Most Neopagan religions have a fertility theme (both physical and creative/spiritual) as the center of their practice, and thus encourage what they view as a healthy sex life, consensual sex between adults, regardless of sex.
Wicca, like other religions, has followers with a broad spectrum of views ranging from conservative to liberal. This is a religion that is largely non-dogmatic and has no prohibition on sexual relations outside of marriage or relationships between same-sex members. Religious ethics is largely summarized by Wiccan Rede: "No one hurt anyone, do what you want", interpreted by many as allowing and supporting the responsible sexual relations of all varieties. Particularly in the Wiccan tradition of modern magic, one of the most widely accepted parts of the Craft liturgy, Charge of the Goddess instructs that "... all acts of love and pleasure are [Goddess] rituals", giving validity to all forms. sexual activity for Wiccan practitioners.
In the forms of Wicca in Gardnerian and Alexandrian, the "Great Rite" is a sex ritual similar to the gamos hieros, performed by a priest and priest who is believed to embody the God of Wiccan and Goddess. The Great Rite is almost always done figuratively using athame and trophies as a symbol of the penis and vagina. The literal form of this ritual is always performed by adults, by couples who have become lovers and individually. The Great Rite is not seen as an opportunity for casual sex.
Satanism
LaVeyan Satanism is very critical of Abraham's sexual customs, considering they are narrow, restrictive and hypocritical. Satanists are pluralists, receiving gay, lesbian, bisexual, BDSM, polyamorists, transgender, and asexual. Sex is seen as a pleasure, but something that should only be freely done with consent. The Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth provides only two instructions on sex: "Do not make sexual progress unless you are married" and "Do not hurt children", although the latter is much broader and covers physical and other abuse. This has always been a consistent part of the CoS policy since its founding in 1966, as Peter H. Gillmore wrote in an essay that supports same-sex marriage: "Finally, because certain people try to show that our attitude about sexuality is" whatever "even though we state the basic principle of" responsibility to the responsible, "we must repeat again another basic dictate: Satan's Church philosophy strictly prohibits sexual activity with children as well as non-human animals."
In the essay he also states: "The Church of Satan is the first church to fully accept members regardless of sexual orientation and therefore we fight for marriage/civil union between adult couples whether they are opposites or same-sex.While love is and partners want to commit to relationships, we support their desire for legally recognized partnerships, and the rights and privileges that come from such unions. "
Unitarian Universalism
Some sessions of the Act have undertaken a series of organizational, procedural and practical steps to be recognized as "Congregations Welcoming": a congregation that has taken special steps to welcome and integrate gay, lesbian, bisexual & members of transgender (LGBT). Ministers do same-sex unions and now same sex marriages where legal (and sometimes when not, as a form of civil protest). On June 29, 1984, Unitarian Universalists became the first major church "to approve the blessings of religion on homosexual unions." Unitarian universalists have been at the forefront of work to conduct legal same marriage in local states and provinces, as well as at the national level. Gay men, bisexuals, and lesbians are also regularly ordained ministers, and a number of gay, bisexual, and lesbian ministers, themselves, are now legally married to their spouses. In May 2004, Arlington Street Church was the first country-approved marriage venue in the United States. UUA's official attitude is to legalize same-sex marriage - "Stand on the Side of Love." In 2004, the Minister of Law Rev. Debra Haffner of the Institute for Religion for Morality, Justice, and Sexual Healing issues an Open Letter on Religious Leaders on Marriage Equality to assert same-sex marriage from a multi-religious perspective. In December 2009, Washington, DC Mayor Adrian Fenty signed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage for District of Columbia at All Souls Church, Unitarian (Washington, D.C.).
Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness is a group within Unitarian Universalism whose vision is "for Unitarian Universalism to become the first mainstream poly-welcome religious denomination."
Western esoterism and occultism
Sex magic is a term for the various types of sexual activity used in magical, ritual, or religious and spiritual pursuits found in Western esoterism which is a broad spectrum of spiritual traditions found in Western societies, or refers to a collection of mystical, esoteric knowledge of the Western world.. One of the practices of sex magic is to use the energy of sexual arousal or orgasm with the visualization of desired results. The premise of sex magic is the concept that sexual energy is a potential force that can be exploited to overcome the reality that a person usually feels. The earliest practical teaching of sex magic known in the Western world comes from the 19th century American occultist Paschal Beverly Randolph, under the title The Mysteries of Eulis . In the latter part of the nineteenth century, Ida Craddock's sexual reformers published several works relating to sacred sexuality, the most famous being the Celestial Bride and Psychic Wedlock . Aleister Crowley reviews Heavenly Bridegrooms in his journals The Equinox states that it is:
... one of the most remarkable human documents ever produced, and must definitely find a regular publisher in book form. Author of MS. claiming that he was the wife of an angel. He outlines the philosophy in relation to this thesis. The learning is great.
... This book is an innumerable value for every student of occult things. There is no complete Magick library without it.
Aleister Crowley became involved with Theodor Reuss and Ordo Templi Orientis after the publication of Book of Lies between 1912 and 1913. According to Crowley's account, Reuss approached him and accused him of revealing the deepest (sexual) secret of OTO in one of the vague chapters of this book. When it became clear to Reuss that Crowley had done so by accident, he initiated Crowley to IXÃ, Â ° (the ninth degree) from O.T.O. and appointed him "the Sovereign General Sovereign of Ireland, Iona and all Britains."
While O.T.O. including, from the beginning, the teaching of sex magic in the highest order of the Order, when Crowley became head of the Order, he expanded these teachings and connected them to different degrees as follows:
- VIII Â °: magical masturbation or autosexual techniques taught, referred to as Lesser Work of Sol
- IXÃ, Â °: heterosexual magical techniques are taught
- XI Â °: anal rectal magic technique is taught.
Professor Hugh Urban, Professor of Comparative Religion at The Ohio State University, notes Crowley's emphasis on sex as "the ultimate magical power". According to Crowley:
The Book of the Law solves the sexual problem completely. Every individual has the absolute right to satisfy his sexual instincts as physiologically appropriate to him. One commandment is to treat all such acts as a sacrament. One should not eat as barbaric, but to enable one to do one's will. The same goes for sex. We must use each faculty to advance one object from our being.
Zoroastrianism
Spread to non-adherents
Many cultures try to codify their recipes about individual sexual behavior. Codification of this kind is often enforced as law, extending its application beyond culture to other cultures under the scope of the law, including those who disagree.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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