baby bottles , or breastfeeding bottles , or bottles of milk , are bottles with pacifiers (also called nipples) to be drunk directly from. These are usually used by infants and young children, or if one can not (without difficulty) drink from a cup, to feed themselves or be fed. It can also be used to feed non-human mammals.
Especially used to feed baby formula, breastmilk or baby electrolyte solution.
Video Baby bottle
Dimensions and design
Large bottles usually hold 280 ml; its small size is 150 ml. It consists of the bottle itself, the pacifier, the ring to seal the pacifier to the bottle, the cap to cover the dot and optionally the disposable liner.
High-to-wide high-bottle comparisons (relative to adult cups) as necessary to ensure content flooded the pacifier when used at normal angles; otherwise, the baby will drink the air. However, if the bottle is too high, then easy tips. There is an asymmetrical bottle that ensures the contents flood the pacifier if the bottle is held in a certain direction.
Putting (or nipple)
The dot itself is generally designed to be slimmer than the nipple. Specially marketed breast milk whose report attempts to mimic the shape of the breast to help the baby to switch between bottle feeding and breastfeeding for cases where "nipple confusion" occurs.
Dot comes in a choice of flow rates, marketed by baby's age. Different nipple flow levels either have more holes or larger holes. Variable flow rate drops are available for older infants. The hole is asymmetrical so by turning the bottle/dot, different streams can occur. Special dots are available for babies with ceilings.
Vented Bottle
The "Vented" bottle allows air to enter the bottle when the baby drinks without the need to break the baby's suction while breastfeeding. Alternatively, bottles can be used to attach a formula, not directly in a bottle. The liner collapses when the formula is dried.
The ventilated bottle works by allowing the inlet air while preventing the liquid inside from escaping. He works with "anti-vacuum skirt" at the base of the pacifier, where he forms a seal with a bottle. The skirt acts as a one-way valve, allowing air to enter the bottle but leaving no fluid. If the sealant ring is too tight, the skirt is compressed too tightly to allow it to open and the bottle will not vent. If the seal ring is too loose, the liquid leaks from the bottle.
There are several patents for technology in this field. Initial designs call for complex spring and valve systems that are impossible to clean and sterilize. Current research is a special material with microscopic pores that allow the entry of air without leaving the liquid. This avoids the nanny should get the proper sealing ring strain. It remains to be seen whether these materials can withstand the rigors of daily cleaning and sterilization. Another competitor, Dr. Brown's, offers a system in which the air that is released is carried through the tube to the bottom of the bottle where the air space is when the bottle is being used. This avoids the air released from bubbles through liquids and unnecessary fluid aeration. Aeration can cause nutrients in "human milk and infant formula (for) decreased concentrations... to levels that may be clinically significant."
Variations and accessories
The bottle may be designed to be plugged directly into the breast pump for a complete "feeding system" that maximizes component reuse. Such systems include a variety of drinking baths when the child is older. This turns the bottle into a sippy cup, a cup with a lid and a spout for toddlers, which is an intermediate between a baby bottle and an open cup. Bottles that are part of the feeding system may include a grip that can be attached. Rings and teats can be replaced with a storage cap.
Accessories for bottles include cleaning brush and drying rack. Brushes can be specially designed for special bottle and dot factory. Warm warmer bottles that were previously made and cooled formulas. Cooling is designed to fit the specific manufacturer bottles available to keep cold formulas cool. Special formula powder containers are available to store the amount of formula that has been measured previously so that the caregiver can fill the bottle first with sterile water and mix the powder easily. Containers are usually designed to be stacked together so that some amount of powdered powder that was previously measured can be transported as one unit.
Special "designer bottles" are now quite common as new gifts for parents or just something interesting for the kid. They have special logos or special shapes (for example, animals). Depending on the shape, these bottles can be very difficult to clean. Other special bottles are made of heat-sensitive materials that act as a built-in thermometer. If the contents are too hot, the bottle changes color.
Institutions can purchase ready-made formulas in containers that can be used as baby bottles. Close the screw off and replace it with a disposable dot when the formula is ready for use. This avoids storing the formula with a pacifier and possibly clogging the dot hole when the formula milk is splashed inside the bottle and dries.
Some bottles have been specifically designed to reduce colic in babies but there is little evidence that this is really any good. The bottles are designed to minimize air intake while breastfeeding.
Maps Baby bottle
Cleaning and sterilization
In the UK, the current advice provided by NHS Options remains to sterilize baby bottles, which are considered very important for newborns and at high risk (ie, those susceptible to infection). Sterilization is also recommended in Australia, as Milton sterilizes fluids. The current recommendation in the US is that bottle sterilization can be replaced by cleaning with hot soapy water.
Rule
Although infant formula is highly regulated in many countries, baby bottles do not. Only the dummies and bottles themselves are specifically regulated in some countries (eg, British Standard BS 7368: 1990 "Specification for" elastomeric "baby milk dot.) In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also regulates dot and bottle In 1985 it tightened the permitted nitrosamine levels from the bottle nipple.A 1999 Consumer Reports report states that some polycarbonate bottles release unsafe amounts of Bisphenol A, but industry critics are satisfied with the study demands an unreasonable condition in which the bottles have been subjected.The findings have, nevertheless, renewed initial concerns (see Bisphenol A - Possible Health Risks).
In 2011 the use of bisphenol A in baby bottles was banned in all EU countries. From 2012, other countries begin following the American Food and Drug Administration's initiative to regulate baby bottles. For example, Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador now prohibit bisphenol A in baby bottles. Korea extended the regulation to a list of five chemicals, now banned from all children's products including baby bottles.
History
Bottles with hard spout dates for initial recorded time, as evidence by archaeological finds (see figure). The first consists of jars made of various materials, with an opening at one end to fill the bottle, and the second at the other end to put in the baby's mouth. Animal horns are another common starting material (dating from the 13th century, ibid.), Surviving examples as images in wood chunks. Gentle nipples of various materials introduced early in the feeding history (eg, skin, or dry calf dumplings filled with cloth); many of which are very difficult to clean.
Although Elijah Pratt of New York patented the first rubber nipple in 1845, it took until the 20th century before the materials and technologies were adequately upgraded to enable the manufacture of practical soft nipples for use: the discovery of vulcanised rubber (1840s) provided the material was soft and eventually can be produced in volume (early 1900s), and can withstand the heat of sterilization. (As noted by these sources, "early black Indian rubber... has a very strong stinging smell", and does not survive repeated exposure to hot water.)
The first glass feeding bottle is patented by American C.M. Windship in 1841, but requires that "be superimposed on the breast of the mother so that the breastfeeding baby will be deceived into thinking that the milk came directly from the mother". As noted by the American Collector Group on Infant Feeders, by the "1800s various bottles of breastfeeding glass manufactured in the United States", and the US Patent Office has published more than 200 patents for various breastfeeding designs in the year 1940s - designed to lie flat or stand upright, with openings on the sides or edges, with permanently removable or attached nipples, etc. The American and British markets finally saw the introduction of the heat-proof Pyrex bottles, the narrow-necked version of the 1950s and the wide neck versions a decade later, with plastic bottles appearing widely, a decade further.
Innovations such as the introduction of the nipple working valve (to provide a direct flow of liquid food) appeared as early as 1948 in the patent to J.W. Less, and taken by others including Owens-Illinois Glass, eventually make its way into Gerber and all modern pressure-balancing bottle designs, as well as adult drinking mugs and a variety of other products that require fluid flow under vacuum.
Modern business producing bottles in developed countries is substantial: in 1999 it was reported that the British "feed and sterilize equipment sector... stands at Ã, Â £ 49m... [where] [s] ales from milk bottles to 39% "or Ã, Â £ 19.1m from that market.
Controversy
The 2014 Summary policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not specifically mention bottle feeding, but makes it clear that "[b] reastfeeding and breastmilk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition," and referring to the decision regarding the nutritional supply of infants as "a public health issue and not just a lifestyle choice... [g] provide documented long-term medical and neurodevelopmental benefits from breastfeeding". The AAP policy recommends exclusively breastfeeding for six months, continuing with the introduction of complementary foods, with an overall duration of "1 year or more as desired by both mother and baby". The policy note body notes and cites the literature that shows that, in addition to the importance of breastfeeding, the method of delivery of food has implications: that "breastfed babies manage their own intake volume", while bottle-fed infants receive expressed breast. milk or infant formula has "increased emptying of bottles, poor self-regulation, and excessive weight gain in late infancy," and that early practice of such self-regulation is correlated with adult weight gain patterns (ibid.).
The AAP policy notes that "[m] contraindicated edition for breastfeeding is rare." Transmission of some viral diseases through breastfeeding is reportedly preventable, for example, by expressing breast milk and subjecting it to pasteurization.
In response to perceived public pressure from policies that do not emphasize bottles and formula feeding, efforts have been made to support mothers experiencing physiological difficulties or other difficulties in breastfeeding, and these sites include individual views that seek to undermine scientific cases of the AAP policy; a book about the personal experiences and views of a mother who is committed to formula feeding, Bottled Up, by Suzanne Barston, has emerged.
See also
- Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative
- Breastfeeding promotions
- Haberman Feeder
- Baby formula
- International Marketing Code of Breast Substitute
- List of bottle, brand and company type
References
External links
- History of milk bottles
- Babycentre.co.uk Step by step guide to bottle feeding.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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