Julia Ward Howe (27 May 1819 - 17 October 1910) was an American poet and writer, famous for writing "The Battle Hymn of Republic." He is also an advocate for abolitionism and is a social activist, especially for women's suffrage.
Video Julia Ward Howe
Personal life
Early life
Howe was born in New York City. He is the fourth of seven children. His father, Samuel Ward III, was a tight Wall Street, banker, and Calvinist broker. His mother is the poet Julia Rush Cutler, associated with Francis Marion, "Swamp Swamp" of the American Revolution. He died of tuberculosis when Howe was five years old.
Howe was trained by private tutors and schools for young women until he was sixteen. His eldest brother, Samuel Cutler Ward, traveled in Europe and brought home a private library. He has access to this, many of which are contrary to the Calvinistic view. He became well read, though social as well as scientific. He met because of his father's status as a successful banker, Charles Dickens, Charles Sumner, and Margaret Fuller.
Her brother, Sam, married to the Astor family, gave her the great social freedom she shared with her sister. Their siblings were thrown into mourning with the death of their father in 1839, the death of his brother, Henry, and the death of Samuel's wife, Emily, and their newborn son.
Marriage and kids
In Boston, Julia meets Samuel Gridley Howe, a doctor and reformer who founded Perkins School for the Blind. Howe had seduced her, but she had shown an interest in her sister, Louisa. In 1843, they married despite the age difference of eighteen. She gave birth to their first child during her honeymoon in Europe. She gave birth to their last child in December 1859 at the age of forty. They had six children: Julia Romana Howe (1844-1886), Florence Marion Howe (1845-1922), Henry Marion Howe (1848-1922), Laura Elizabeth Howe (1850-1943), Maud Howe (1855-1948), and Samuel Gridley Howe, Jr. (1859-1863). Julia is a Francis Marion Crawford's novelist aunt.
Howe raised his sons in South Boston, while her husband pursued her advocacy work. He conceals his unhappiness with their marriage, which gets the nickname "family champagne" from his children. He often visits Gardiner, Maine where he lives in "The Yellow House," a house originally built in 1814 and later home to his daughter, Laura.
In 1852, Howes bought a "country house" with 4.7 hectares of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island they called "Oak Glen." They continue to defend homes in Boston and Newport, but spend several months each year at Oak Glen.
Writing
She attended college, studied foreign languages, and wrote drama and drama. Julia has published essays about Goethe, Schiller, and Lamartine before her wedding at New York Review and Theological Review . Passion-Flowers was published anonymously in 1853. This book collected personal poems and was written without her husband's knowledge, which later edited the Free Land The Commonwealth newspaper. His anonymous collection, Words for the Hour , appeared in 1857. He continued to write dramas like Leonora , The Mysterious World Hippolytus . These all work with sarcasm for their debilitating marriage.
He continued his journey including some for his mission. In 1860, he published, Travel to Cuba , which recounted his 1859 journey. It has resulted in the outrage of William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, for insulting views of Blacks. Julia believed it was true to free the slaves but did not believe in racial equality. Some letters in the High Newport community were published at the New York Tribune in 1860, as well.
Howe became a highly publicized author of her husband, largely due to the fact that his poetry was repeatedly related to criticism about the role of women as his wife, his own marriage, and the place of women in society. Their marriage problems escalated to the point where they split up in 1852. Samuel, when he became her husband, had also taken full control of his real estate income. After the death of her husband in 1876, she discovered that through a series of bad investments, most of her money had been spent.
Howe's writings and social activism are shaped by his life and married life. Many studies have entered into difficult marriages and how they affect their work, both written and active.
Maps Julia Ward Howe
Social activism
He was inspired to write "The Battle of the Hymn of the Republic" after he and her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln at the White House in November 1861 . During the trip, his friend James Freeman Clarke suggested he write new words for the song "John Brown's Body", which he did on November 19th. The song is set for the music already in William Steffe and the Howe version was first published in Atlantic Monthly in February 1862 . It quickly became one of the most popular songs of the Society during the American Civil War.
Now after Howe was in the public eye, he produced eleven literary magazine editions, Northern Lights , in 1867. That same year he wrote of his journey to Europe at From Oak to Olive >. After the war he focused his activities on the causes of pacifism and women's suffrage. In 1868, Julia's husband no longer opposed his involvement in public life, so Julia decided to become active in the reforms. He helped found the New England Women's Club and the New England Women's Select Rights Association. He served as president for nine years beginning in 1868. In 1869, he became associate leader with Lucy Stone of the American Women's Rights Association. Then, in 1870, he became president of the New England Women's Club. After the death of her husband in 1876, she focused more on her interest in reform. He was the founder and from 1876 to 1897 president of the American Women's Association, who advocated for women's education. He also serves as president of organizations such as the Massachusetts Women's Select Rights Association and the New England Association of Voters.
In 1872 he became editor of the Woman's Journal, a widely read readable suffragist magazine founded in 1870 by Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell. He contributed for twenty years. That same year, he wrote "The plea for femininity around the world", which came to be known as the Proclamation of Mother's Day, asking women across the world to join in world peace. (See Category: Pacifist feminism.) He wrote it as soon as he evolved into pacifist and anti-war activist. In 1872, he requested that "Mother's Day" be celebrated on 2 June. His efforts were unsuccessful, and in 1893 he wondered if the 4th of July could be remade into "Mother's Day". In 1874, he edited the coeducational defense titled Sex and Education. He wrote a collection of the places he lived in 1880 called the Modern Society. In 1883 Howe published a biography of Margaret Fuller. Then, in 1885 he published another collection of lectures called What is the Polite Society Polite? ("Courteous society" is a euphemism for the upper classes.) In 1899 he published his popular memoir, Reminiscences. He continued writing until his death.
In 1881, Howe was elected president of the Association for the Advancement of Women. Around the same time, Howe went on a talking tour on the Pacific coast, and founded the Century Club of San Francisco. In 1890, he helped found the General Federation of Women's Clubs, to reaffirm Christian values ​​and Christian moderation. From 1891-1893, he served as president for the second time from the Massachusetts Women's Select Rights Association. Until his death, he is president of the New England Women's Select Rights Association. From 1893 to 1898 he led the General Federation of Women's Clubs, and led the Massachusetts Women's Club Federation. In 1908 Julia was the first woman elected at the American Academy of Art and Literature, a community; the goal is to "grow, help, and preserve excellence" in American literature, music, and art.
Death
Howe died of pneumonia on October 17, 1910, at his home in Portsmouth, Oak Glen at the age of 91. She is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the memorial service, about 4,000 people sang "Battle Hymn of Republic" as a mark of respect because it was a habit to sing the song in every lecture of Julia.
After his death, his sons collaborated in biography, published in 1916. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography.
Awards
- On January 28, 1908, at the age of 88, Howe became the first woman elected at the American Academy of Art and Literature. Howe was inaugurated posthumously into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970.
- He has been honored by the US Postal Service with the 14Ã © series stamps, Â ¢ Superb America issued in 1987.
- The Julia Ward Howe Vegetable School in the Austin community in Chicago is named in his honor.
- The Howe neighborhood in Minneapolis, MN is named for her.
- The Julia Ward Howe Academics Plus Elementary School in Philadelphia was named in her honor in 1913.
- Her Rhode Island home, Oak Glen, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
- His Boston home stopped at the Boston Women's Tourist Trail.
Work and collection
Poetry
- Passion-Flowers (1854)
- Words for Watch (1857)
- From Sunset Ridge: Old and New Poems (1898)
- Later Lyrics (1866)
- At Sunset (published posthumously, 1910)
Other works
- The Hermaphrodite. Incomplete, but probably compiled between 1846 and 1847. Published by University of Nebraska Press, 2004
- From Oak to Olive (travel writing, 1868)
- Modern Society (essay, 1881)
- Margaret Fuller (Marchesa Ossoli) (biography, 1883)
- Women's work in America (1891)
- What is the Polite Society Polite? (essay, 1895)
- Keepsake: 1819-1899 (autobiography, 1899)
See also
- List of peace activists
- List of suffragists and suffragettes
- List of women's rights activists
- Female rights timeline
- Ann Jarvis
- Gardiner, Maine, Howe's house for years
- Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House
References
Further reading
- Clifford, Deborah Pickman. Mine Eyes Have Seen Glory: Julia Ward Howe's Biography. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1978.
- Richards, Laura Elizabeth. Julia Ward Howe, 1819-1910. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. 2 vols.
- Schowalter, Elaine. "Julia Ward Howe Civil War" New York: Simon & amp; Schuster, 2017
- A sketch of a New England representative. Boston: New England Historical Pub. Co., 1904.
External links
Works and papers
- Works by Julia Ward Howe at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Julia Ward Howe in the Internet Archive
- Works by Julia Ward Howe on LibriVox (public domain audiobook)
- Howe Papers at Harvard University
- Articles by Howe Archive on the "Making of America" ​​project, Cornell University Library
- Poetry in an Online Representative's Poem (University of Toronto)
- Proclamation of Mother's Day (1870)
- Julia Ward Howe.org Electronic archive of Howe's life and works
- Seek Help for Julia Ward Howe Papers at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Julia Ward Howe, a hymn from Julia Ward Howe Papers, 1891-1898 at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Free Score by Julia Ward Howe at Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- The Most Human Man: Samuel G. Howe and the Contour of American Reforms of the 19th Century, by James W. Trent Jr.
- Papers, 1857-1961. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
- Papers from Julia Ward Howe's family, 1787-1984. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
Biography
- Julia Ward Howe , biography by Laura E. Richards, online at the University of Pennsylvania
- Michals, Debra. "Julia Ward Howe". National Women's Museum of History. "2015.
- Unitarian Biography Dictionary & amp; Biography of Universalis
- Julia Ward Howe at Answers.com
- Schowalter, Elaine. "Civil War Julia Ward Howe" New York: Simon & amp; Schuster, 2017
Awards
- National Women's Hall of Fame
- Ward Howe Julia Ward Howe at Hall of Fame Songwriters
- Placeholders at Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C. marking where Howe wrote Hymn
- Welcome to Howe Elementary School at www.mtlsd.org
Family
- Her father profile
- Their grandparent profile
More
- Julia Ward Howe in the Search of the Mausoleum
- Julia Ward Howe's Photos from Julia Ward Howe Papers, 1891-1898 at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Carrie Chapman Catt's collection at the Library of Congress has volumes from the Julia Ward Howe library.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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