Doris Duke (November 22, 1912 - October 28, 1993) was an American heir, socialite, horticulture, art collector, and philanthropist.
The daughter of a wealthy tobacco tycoon, Duke is able to fund the lives of global travel and interests. It's extended in journalism, surfing competitions, jazz pianos, wildlife conservation, Oriental art and Hare Krishna.
Much of his work centered on his father's treasures in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey, where he created many intricate theme parks, complemented by artifacts gained on his world journey, including one of America's largest indoor booth displays. He is also active in preserving over 80 historic buildings in Newport, Rhode Island.
Two times divorced, Duke enjoys a colorful private life that rarely comes out of the gossip column.
His philanthropic work on AIDS research, drugs, and childhood welfare continues into his later years, some of which are unknown to the public during his lifetime, and his estimated fortune of $ 1.3 billion is largely left for charity. After many legal challenges of executors and guardians, Duke's legacy is now managed by the Doris Duke Charity Foundation, dedicated to medical research, the prevention of atrocities against children and animals, performing arts, wildlife, and ecology.
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Duke was born in New York City, the only tobacco boy and hydroelectric power king James Buchanan Duke and his second wife, Nanaline Holt Inman, Dr. William Patterson Inman. On his death in 1925, the elder Duke would pass on the majority of his land to his wife and daughter, along with $ 17 million in two separate clauses of the will, to The Duke Endowment which he had created in 1924. The total value of the treasures was not disclosed, but was expected to vary at $ 60 million to $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 837 million to $ 1.395 billion in 2018), the majority is taken from JB Duke's holding in Lucky Strike cigarettes.
Duke spent his childhood at Duke Farms, his father's 2,700-acre (11 km 2 ) estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey. Due to ambiguity in the will of James Duke, a lawsuit was filed to prevent auction and direct sale of his real estate; in effect, Doris Duke successfully sued her mother and other executors to prevent the sale. One part of the real estate in question is a Manhattan mansion on 1 East 78th Street which later became the home of the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University.
He was presented to the public as a debutant in 1930, aged 18, at a ball in Rough Point, a family residence in Newport, Rhode Island. He received a great inheritance from his father's will when he was 21, 25, and 30; he is sometimes referred to as "the richest girl in the world." Her mother died in 1962, leaving her jewelry and coat.
Maps Doris Duke
Adult life
When Duke turns his age, he uses his wealth to pursue a variety of interests, including extensive world travel and art. During World War II, he worked in cafeteria for sailors in Egypt, with a salary of one dollar a year. He speaks French fluently. In 1945, Duke began a brief career as a foreign correspondent for the International News Service, reporting from various war-ravaged cities throughout Europe. After the war, he moved to Paris and wrote for Harper's Bazaar magazine.
While living in Hawaii, Duke became the first non-Hawaiian woman to surf competitively under the care of surfing champion and Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku and her siblings. An animal lover, especially his dog and his camel, in his last years the Duke has been a supporter of wildlife preservation, environmental conservation, and protector of historic preservation.
Duke's interest in horticulture resulted in friendships with Pulitzer prize-winning writers and scientific farmer Louis Bromfield, who operates Malabar Farm, his country home in Lucas, Ohio in Richland County. Today, his farm is part of Malabar Farm State Park, made possible by donations from Duke who helped buy the property after Bromfield's death. Part of the forest there is dedicated to him and bears his name.
At the age of 46, Duke began creating Duke Gardens, an exotic display public park, in honor of his father James Buchanan Duke. He expanded the new greenhouse from Horace Trumbauer's conservatory at his home in Duke Farms, New Jersey. Each of the 11 interconnected parks is a full-scale re-creation of a theme park, country or period, inspired by Longwood Gardens DuPont. He designed the architectural, artistic and botanical elements of the exhibition based on his observations of his extensive international travel. He also works in their installations, sometimes working 16 hours a day. Construction of the display began in 1958.
Duke has learned to play piano at an early age and develop a lifelong jazz appreciation and make friends with jazz musicians. He also loves gospel music and sings in the gospel choir.
In 1966, Duke was behind the wheel of a rented car when it slid forward and destroyed interior designer Eduardo Tirella as he opened the gate of the house they returned in Newport, Rhode Island. While it was ruled by a strange accident by the police, the Tirella family was sued and won $ 75,000 when Duke was found negligent.
House
Duke acquired a number of homes. Her main residence and her official residence is Duke Farms, her father's 2,700-hectare (11 km²) estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey. Here he created the Duke Gardens, a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m) public landscape that is among the largest in America.
Duke's other dwellings are private throughout his lifetime: he spends the summer weekend working on Newport Recovery Foundation projects while staying in Rough Point, a 49-room British-style mansion inherited in Newport, Rhode Island.
Winters was spent on a plantation he built in the 1930s and was given the name "Shangri La" in Honolulu, Hawaii; and at "Falcon's Lair" in Beverly Hills, California, which used to be the home of Rudolph Valentino. He also maintains two apartments in Manhattan: a 9-room penthouse with 1,000 square feet (93 m) porch at 475 Park Avenue currently owned by journalist Cindy Adams; and another apartment near Times Square that he uses exclusively as an office for managing his financial affairs.
He bought his Boeing 737 jet and redecorated the interior to travel between his home and his travels to collect art and plants. The plane included a bedroom decorated to resemble a bedroom in a real home. Doris Duke has trouble remaining in one place, and every time he arrives somewhere, he has the desire to go elsewhere.
Duke is the owner of the direct house, climbing the ladder to a three-story scaffolding to clear the tiled mural in the courtyard of Shangri La, and work side by side with the gardener at Duke Farms.
The three Duke dwellings are currently managed by a subsidiary of the Doris Duke Charity Foundation and allow limited public access. Duke Farms in New Jersey is managed by Duke Farms Foundation; Duke Gardens former video tour is available. Rough Point was submitted to the Newport Restoration Foundation in 1999 and opened to the public in 2000. The tour is limited to 12 people. Shangri-La is operated by Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art; small private tours and online virtual tours are available.
Personal life
Dukes married twice, the first time in 1935 became James H. R. Cromwell, son of the community Palm Beach doyenne Eva Stotesbury. Cromwell, a New Deal lawyer like his wife, used his wealth to finance his political career. In 1940 he served several months as US Ambassador to Canada and failed to win the US Senate. The couple had a daughter, Arden, who died one day after her birth. They divorced in 1943.
On September 1, 1947, while in Paris, Duke became the third wife of Porfirio Rubirosa, a diplomat of the Dominican Republic. He reportedly paid his second wife, actress Danielle Darrieux, $ 1 million to agree on an undisputed divorce. Due to his great wealth, Duke's marriage to Rubirosa attracted the attention of the US State Department, which warned him against using his money to promote the political agenda. Furthermore, there is concern that in terms of his death, foreign governments can get too much influence. Therefore, Rubirosa must sign a pre-marriage agreement; during the wedding, he gave Rubirosa several million dollars of prizes, including polo horses, sports cars, converted B-25 bombers, and, in the settlement of a divorce, a 17th century house in Paris. One of Doris Duke's best friends is the Brazilian socialite and "jetsetter" Aimà © ne de Heeren.
He is reported to have many affairs, with, among others, Duke Kahanamoku, Errol Flynn, Alec Cunningham-Reid, General George S. Patton, Joe Castro, and Louis Bromfield.
Duke sent a $ 5 million guarantee to his friend, former First Lady Imelda Marcos of the Philippines after the latter was arrested for extortion.
Death
In 1992, at the age of 79 years, Duke experienced a beauty surgery. He started trying to walk when he was still drunk and falling, breaking his hips. In January 1993, he underwent a knee replacement surgery. She was hospitalized from 2 February to 15 April. He underwent a second knee operation in July of that year.
A day after coming home from this second operation, he suffered a severe stroke. Doris Duke died at his home Falcon's Lair on October 28, 1993, at the age of 80. The cause was progressive pulmonary edema that resulted in a heart attack, according to a spokesman.
Duke was cremated 24 hours after his death and his executioner, Bernard Lafferty, spread his ashes to the Pacific Ocean as prescribed last.
Net worth
When Doris's father died, he left a fortune worth $ 100 million, with the largest part going to the Duke and his mother. Nanaline is a smart businesswoman, often compared to Hetty Green, and when she died in 1962, she abandoned her daughter, then estimated to be worth $ 250 million, three times what J. B. left behind.
The Duke also has many shares in big companies, such as General Motors, and has a large financial team of bankers and accountants to manage their holdings (because, despite rumors, the Duke has little or no interest in money issues). In addition, Duke has a collection of works of art, supposedly including the works of Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt and Monet, as well as a valuable collection of Islamic art and furniture and Southeast Asia. Also in the Duke collection are more than 2,000 bottles of rare grapes (worth over $ 5 million) and the Duke collection of fabulous jewelry. His total net worth, including all properties, is worth $ 5.3 billion.
Philanthropy
Duke's principal philanthropic action was to establish Independent Aid, Inc., in 1934, when he was 21, to manage the many requests for financial aid to him. In 1958, he founded the Duke Gardens Foundation to bless the public display gardens he started to create at Duke Farms. The Foundation intends that Duke Gardens "expressed the philanthropic interests and aspirations of the Duke family, as well as an appreciation for other cultures and longing for a global understanding." Duke Gardens is the center of controversy over the decision by the trustees of the Doris Duke Charity Foundation to close it on May 25, 2008.
In 1968, Duke created the Newport Restoration Foundation with the goal of preserving over eighty colonial buildings in the city. Historic properties include Rough Point, Samuel Whitehorne House, Prescott Farm, Buloid-Perry House, King's Arms Tavern, Baptist Meetinghouse and Cotton House. Seventy-one leased buildings to tenants. Only five functions as a museum. He also funded the construction of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ashram in India, visited by the Beatles in 1968.
Duke's extensive journey brought interest to various cultures, and during his lifetime he collected a large collection of Islamic art and Southeast Asia. After his death, many pieces were donated to The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco and the Walters Art Museum of Baltimore.
Duke does a lot of philanthropic work and is a major contributor to medical research and child welfare programs. In the late 1980s, Duke donated $ 2 million to Duke University to be used for AIDS research. The Foundation, Independent Assistance, became the Doris Duke Foundation, which still exists as a private grant making entity. After his death, the Doris Duke Charity Foundation was founded in 1996, supporting four national grant programs and three Doris Duke plantations, Shangri La, Rough Point, and Duke Farms.
Trust and will
Duke is the beneficiary of the life of two trusts created by his father, James Buchanan Duke, in 1917 and 1924. Revenue from the trust is paid to each child after his death. In 1988, at the age of 75, the Duke officially adopted a woman named Chandi Heffner, then a 35-year-old Hare Krishna worshiper and sister of the third wife of billionaire Nelson Peltz. Duke originally stated that Heffner was the reincarnation of his only biological child, Arden, who died shortly after birth in 1940.
The two women fell, and the final version of Duke would mention that he did not expect Heffner to benefit from his father's trust; he also negates adoption. Despite the negation, after Duke's death, the real estate guardian completed the suit filed by Heffner for $ 65 million.
In his last will, Duke left almost all of his wealth to several existing and new charitable foundations. He pointed to his butler, Bernard Lafferty was born in Creeslough, County Donegal, Ireland, as the executor of his legacy. Lafferty appointed the US Trust company as co-executor of the corporation. Lafferty and Duke's friend, Marion Oates Charles, was appointed as his trustee.
But a number of lawsuits filed against the wills. At death, Duke's fortune is estimated at $ 1.2 billion. The most famous lawsuit was initiated by Harry Demopoulos. In a previous will, Demopoulos has been appointed as the executor and challenged Lafferty's appointment. Demopolous argues that Lafferty and his lawyers have persuaded an elderly sick and anesthetized woman to give her control over her inheritance.
Even more sensational accusations were made by a nurse, Tammy Payette, who argued that Lafferty and Beverly Hills famous physicians, Dr. Charles Kivowitz, has conspired to speed up the death of the Duke with morphine and Demerol. In 1996, Lafferty's year died, the Los Angeles District Attorney's office ruled there was no strong evidence of fraud.
Duke University also filed a lawsuit, claiming the right to a greater share of Duke's assets than the $ 10 million provided in the will (although Duke would also state that any recipient who questioned his terms would accept nothing).
Litigation involving 40 lawyers in 10 different law firms tied up the real Duke for nearly three years. The New York court eventually got rid of Lafferty for using housing funds for his own support and US confidence for failing to "do anything to stop him." The Surrogate of Manhattan Court ruled out Duke's will and pointed to the new guardian of those who challenged him: Harry Demopoulos; J. Carter Brown (later also involved in overturning Albert C. Barnes's wish); Marion Oates Charles, the only trustee of Duke's last will; James Gill, a lawyer; Nannerl O. Keohane, president of Duke University; and John J. Mack, president of Morgan Stanley. The cost for their lawsuits exceeds $ 10 million, and is paid by real Duke. The supervisor now controls all the assets of the Doris Duke Charity Foundation, directed by Doris Duke to support medical research, anti-vivisectionism, the prevention of cruelty to children and animals, performing arts, wildlife, and ecology.
The DDCF also controls funding for three separate foundations made to operate the former Duke's house: Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art, Duke Farms and the Newport Restoration Foundation. The trustees have further reduced funding for the foundation, stating that Doris Duke's own work is "perpetuating the Duke family's history of striking personal interests and consumption." Recently, the foundation has sold several assets and has closed Duke Gardens. Christie's, New York, published a heavyweight catalog of over 600 pages for the auction "The Doris Duke Collection, sold for the benefit of the Doris Duke Charity Foundation" held in New York City for three days in 2004.
In popular culture
Several Duke biographies have been published, in particular:
- Stephanie Mansfield's Richest Girl in the World (Putnam 1994).
- Pony Duke, his nephew who has no authority, and Jason Thomas publishes Too Rich: The Family Secrets of Doris Duke (1996).
- Ted Schwarz with Tom Rybak, co-authored by one of Duke's staff, Trust No One (1997)
Some movies/television shows have been made about his life, including:
- A four-hour mini-series made for television, based on Mansfield's book, (starring Lauren Bacall as Duke and Richard Chamberlain as Lafferty) is broadcast under the title, Too Rich: The Secret of Doris Duke's Life > (1999)
- His life is also the subject of HBO movies Bernard and Doris, starring Susan Sarandon as Duke and Ralph Fiennes as Lafferty's butler (2007)
Note
References
The work cited
- Mansfield, Stephanie (1999). Richest Girl in the World: Extra Life and Fast Doris Duke . Kensington Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-0-786-01027-1.
- Valentine, Tom (1987). Duchess's Father: Doris Duke's Unofficial Biography . L. Stuart. ISBN: 978-0-818-40443-6.
Further reading
External links
- Doris Duke Charity Foundation
- Doris Duke Biographical History and Archival Collections Thomas D. Mcavoy: James Cromwell, Doris Duke, and Frank Murphy attend the Jackson Day dinner (Washington DC, 1940)
- "Doris Duke". Find Grave . Retrieved August 30, 2010 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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