Hindu Wedding is Vivaha (Sanskrit: ?????) and the wedding ceremony is called Vivaah Sanskar in North India and Kalyanam (generally) in South India. Hindu people attach great importance to marriage. The ceremony is very colorful, and the celebrations can be extended for several days. Bridal and ladies' houses - entrances, doors, walls, floors, roofs - sometimes decorated with colors, balloons, and other decorations.
The rituals and processes in Hindu marriage vary widely. Nevertheless, there are some common key rituals in Hindu marriages - Kanyadaan , Panigrahana , and Saptapadi - each of which, giving away from the princess by fathers, voluntarily holding hands near the fire to signify the union, and take seven steps with each step including the promise of each other before the fire. The Hindu wedding ceremony is essentially a Vedic yajna ritual. The main witness of Hindu marriage is the god of fire (or Holy Fire) Agni , in the presence of family and friends. The ceremony is traditionally performed entirely, or at least partly in Sanskrit, considered by Hindus as the language of the sacred ceremony. The local language of the bride is also used. This ritual is specified in the Gruhya sutra composed by various rishis like Baudhayana and Ashvalayana.
Pre-marriage and post-marriage rituals and celebrations vary by region, preference or resources of the groom, bride and their family. They can range from one day to multi-day events. Pre-marriage ceremonies include engagements (involving vagdana or engagement engagement engagements and marriage engagements), and the arrival of the bridegroom party at the bride's residence, often in the form of formal processions with dance and music. Post-marriage ceremonies may include Abhishek, Anna Prashashan, Aashirvadah, and Grihapravesa welcome the bride to her new home. Marriage marks the beginning of Grihastha's (household) stage of life for a new couple.
In India, by law and tradition there is no binding or complete Hindu marriage unless the seven-step ritual and oath before the fire ( Saptapadi ) are solved by brides and grooms together. This requirement is being debated.
Video Hindu wedding
Eight wedding types
Ancient Hindu literature, such as Asvalayana Grhyasutra and Atharvaveda , identified eight forms of marriage. This is:
- Brahma marriage - considers the most religiously deserved marriage, in which the father finds a learned man, proposes his daughter's marriage to him. The groom, the bride and family are willing to approve the proposal. Both family and relatives met, her daughter was ceremonially decorated, the father handed her daughter in the engagement, and the Vedic wedding ceremony was performed. This kind of marriage is now the most common among Hindus in modern India.
- Daiva marriage - in this type of marriage, the father hands his daughter with a decoration to a pastor as a sacrificial cost. This form of marriage occurred in ancient times when the sacrifice of yajna was prevalent.
- Arsha marriage - in this type of marriage, the bridegroom gives the cow and bull to the father of the bride and the father exchanges her daughter in marriage. The groom takes an oath to fulfill his duty to the life of the bride and family (Grihasthashram).
- Prajapatya marriage - in this type of marriage, the couple agree to marry by exchanging Sanskrit spell (oath each other). This form of marriage is similar to a civil ceremony.
The four types of marriages above are considered as weddings prashasta, (precisely, according to religion under Hinduism), because they contain oaths of the Vedic scriptures, in which the two brides are committed and share responsibilities to their families. The other four are considered aprashasta, because they do not follow the Vedic ritual and vow. Among inappropriate marriages, two acceptable forms of marriage are:
- Gandharva marriage - in this type of marriage, these couples only live together because love, by mutual consent, consensually improves their relationship. This marriage is done without a religious ceremony, and is similar to the Western concept of marriage according to law. Kama Sutra, and Rishi Kanva - the adoptive father of Shakuntala - in the Mahabharata, claimed this type of marriage as the ideal.
- Asura marriage - in this type of marriage, the bridegroom offers dowry to the bride's father and the bride; both receive a dowry of free will, and he accepts the bride instead. It's like marrying a girl for money. This marriage is considered inappropriate by Hindu Smriti writers because greed, not the best for women, can damage the selection process.
The last two marriages are not only inappropriate, but religiously prohibited (children, if any, of these types of prohibited perfection are considered valid, however):
- Rakshasa marriage - in which the groom kidnaps the groom forcibly against his wishes and the will of his family. (The word Rakshasa means "devil".) Wedding
- Paishacha - where a man impose himself on a woman when she is not good - when she is drugged or drunk or unconscious.
James Lochtefeld commented that the last two forms of marriage were forbidden but still recognized in ancient Hindu societies, not to allow these acts but to provide women and children who resulted in legal protection in society.
Maps Hindu wedding
Main ritual
There is no single standard Hindu wedding ceremony. Regional variation and sufficient flexibility in rituals are prevalent. Variations may be based on family traditions, local traditions, married family resources, and other factors. Some of the major rituals are performed in slightly different ways in different regions.
There are several key rituals that are common in Hindu wedding ceremonies. This is
- Kanyadaan - giving daughter by father
- Panigrahana - a ritual in the presence of fire, where the bridegroom takes the bride's hand as a sign of their unity
- Saptapadi - is the most important ritual. This is called a seven-step ritual, in which each step corresponds to the groom's oath for the bride, and the bride's vow for the groom. The oath is spoken in Sanskrit in long form, or shorter form faster, sometimes also in the bridegroom and bride. In many marriages, Saptapadi was performed near the fire; and after each of the seven oaths for each other, the groom and the bride perform the ritual agnipradakshinam - walking around the fire, with the ending of their clothes tied together. The groom usually leads the bride on the street. Fire is a form of yajna - a Vedic ritual in which fire is a divine witness (to marriage). After Saptapadi, the couple is considered husband and wife.
Kanyadaan
Kanyadaan ceremony performed by the father. If the father has died, a female guardian chooses to perform this ritual. The father took his daughter, then took the bride's hand and placed her into the groom. This marks the beginning of the bride's ceremony. The groom receives the bride's hand, while the kama-suk Kamasukta
After this ritual ritual, the father asks the groom not to fail the bride in pursuit of dharma (moral and lawful life), artha (wealth) and kama (love). The groom promised the bride's dad that she would never fail in the pursuit of dharma, artha and kama. The groom repeated the promise three times.
The groom's promise to the bride marks the end of the Hindu wedding ritual kanyadaan .
Panigrahana
The ritual Panigrahana comes after Kanyadana . Sometimes, this ritual is preceded by a ritual vivaha-homa , in which a symbolic fire is ignited by the groom to mark the beginning of a new household.
Panigrahana is a ritual of 'holding hands' as a symbol of a future marriage, and the groom announces acceptance of his responsibility to the four gods: Bhaga signifies wealth, Aryama signifies the sky/bima, Savita signifies a new beginning, and Purandhi signifies wisdom. The groom faces west, while the bride sits in front of her with her face facing east, she holds her hand while the following Rig Vedic spell is recited:
In Gujarati's Wedding this step is called Hast-Milap (literally, "hands-on meeting"). All ceremonies are given a lucrative grace period for this step and a few decades ago, the wedding invitation will even record the time when the event will take place.
Saptapadi - Short Form
The Saptapadi (Sanskrit "seven steps"/"seven feet"), is the most important ritual of the Hindu Vedic wedding, and is part of the Hindu marriage law. Sometimes called When Phere ("seven rounds"), the couple performs seven Holy Fire circuits ( Agni ), which are considered as witnesses of the oath they make to each other. In some areas, a piece of clothing or a belt worn by the bride and groom is tied together for this ceremony. Elsewhere, the groom holds the right hand of the bride in her own right hand. Each series of purified fires is led by two brides or grooms, which vary by community and region. Usually, the bride leads the groom on the first circuit. In Northern India, the first six circuits are led by the bride, and the last by the groom. In Central India and Suriname, the bride led the first three or four circuits. With each circuit, the couple make a special appointment to build up some aspects of happy relationships and households for each other.
In some South Indian weddings, after each recited a mantra in each of the seven steps, the couple uttered these words together:
- " Now let's swear together.We have to share love, share the same food, share our strengths, share the same tastes.We will become one mind, we will observe the oath together I will become Samaveda, you Rgveda, I will become Upstream World, You Earth, I will become Sukhilam, You Holder - together we will live and bear children, and other riches come, beautiful girl! "
In Northern Indian marriage, the bride and groom utter the following words after completing the seven steps:
- We have taken the Seven Steps. You have been mine forever. Yes, we have become partners. I have belonged to you. Hereafter, I can not live without you. Do not live without me. Let's share the fun. We are words and meanings, united. You think and I am healthy. Have a good night for us. May the morning be sweet for us. May earth be sweet to us. May heaven be sweet to us. May the plant be sweet for us. May the sun be a honey for all of us. May cows produce sweet milk. Because the sky is stable, because the earth is stable, because the mountains are stable, because the entire universe is stable, then our unity can be solved permanently.
Saptapadi - Long Form
The long form of the ultimate Hindu wedding ritual, Saptapadi , begins with the preface announced by the priest, and after that followed by a series of swearing and groom's oaths to make each other. They are as follows:
With the completion of the seventh step, both became husband and wife.
Additional rituals
Many Hindu weddings begin with the ceremony of
Many other rituals and ceremonies are sometimes found in Hindu weddings, such as madhuparka , vivaha-homa , agni-parinayana , asmarohana , loma homa , abhishek , anna-prashashan , and aashir-vadah . All these ceremonies are performed at a wedding location, usually at or near the bride's house. These additional rituals include the participation of brothers and sisters, sisters, relatives/fathers, guardians, or friends of the bride.
In some parts of India, such as Gujarat and northern India, the rituals of homa holes called mangal pher? done where the couple makes four circles around the sacred fire. It follows the cubit of the moon (the couple's hands), but precedes Saptpadi. The first three circles are led by the groom, and it represents three of the four life goals considered important in Hindu life - Dharma, Artha, Kama. The fourth circle is led by the bride and it is the fourth life goal - Moksha. After Saptapadi, when the praise songs are recited, the groom performs a ritual m ?? g sindoor where saffron or red color powder is marked into the wife's hair splitting. Rather than turning around fire and other steps, rituals and ceremonies can be performed symbolically, such as stepping on a small pile of rice or throwing grains into the fire.
Some rituals involve rice or other grains, grains and pasta. In these ceremonies, rice is thrown at the bride, groom or kick the container containing the grain. Rituals include darshan , in which newly married couples meet, blessed and welcomed by family and friends of the bride.
After the wedding is over, the bride goes to the groom's house, where Hindu male family members welcome the newlyweds in a ritual known as Grihapravesa (arrival/entry home). This ceremony usually requires the participation of mothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters, or other male guardians.
Ancient literature shows Hindu couples spending time with each other, but delaying completion for at least three nights after the wedding. Some scholars have proposed obedience to this ritual in the past - known as chaturthikarma - "a ritual performed on the fourth day of marriage". Chaturthikarma is followed by most of the South Indian community. as a possible basis for the validity of marriage. Other scholars suggest Saptapadi and local adat marriage rituals, not refinement, defining the legitimate validity of Hindu marriages. The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 , Article 7, is consistent with the latter. Chaturthikarma is not a common practice in the Hindu community.
In modern Hindu families, the couple went on to honeymoon after Grihapravesa .
Ritual in Nepal
In Hindu culture in Nepal, the wedding ritual is performed by Chhriri in a household-centered sixteen process. Households are important during wedding rituals because it is the central concept of mandala ; Chhetri's house is considered a domestic mandala and has a role as a household. Marital acts bring men and women into household roles. Marriage is the most important ritual for Chhetris and is one of the most serious. Women move from their homes to the groom's house after marriage. The ceremony is done in a precise and careful way so as not to bring bad luck to the bride's family; certain traditions, for example no one sees the bridal face until the end, followed to ensure prosperity in the future. Before the wedding ceremony, there is no familial relationship between the bride's family and the bride should be a virgin. The wedding ceremony consists of a series of rituals performed over two days between the bridal houses and the groom. Within each house, the enclosed area in the yard ( jagya ) and the kitchen is used the most; jagya and kitchens are considered the most important part of the domestic mandala structure because this is where rice (an important part of Chhetri culture) is prepared and consumed. At the end of the ceremony is the formation of the role of wife and husband in the husband's home.
The first step in a wedding ceremony is called Purbanga . In their home kitchen, the bridegroom and the groom worship the seven Mother Goddesses to honor their ancestors and ask for peace. In the second, third, and fourth steps, the groom is then blessed by his mother and taken out to the jagya where the father and procession ( janti ) take him and bring the bride's present to him. house in a ceremony called dulÃÆ'¤hÃÆ'¤ anmÃÆ'¤une. In the fifth step as the groom waits in front of the bridal house, a gift of clothing and food is placed around the jagya; the bride's father then puts a red paste on the groom's forehead indicating that she is no longer an outsider to her family. The sixth step is the performance of Barani or welcome to the groom and his orphan as they enter the jagya. The father purifies the groom's body using panchÃÆ'¤mrit (nectar of five pure liquids). A small party is then held for the groom as the next step in the marriage continues.
After a small party, the wedding process for the bride begins. The seventh step takes place in the bride's kitchen where the process begins and begins; the bride's parents give their daughter in marriage to her bridegroom to allow the bride to be part of the male lineage and make the father's line become secondary. After they wash their feet in red and, in the eighth step, sit next to each other in the jagya. They performed post-marriage rituals as they made sacrificial offerings to the fire at the center of the jagya. During this ritual the bride performs tasks such as placing red powder in the bride's hair and the bride feeding the remains of the groom's food and in the end now the husband gives his wife a personal name which he must be summoned by.
After the post-marriage ceremony, the married couple left the bride's house. In the ninth step, the husband and wife return to the wife's kitchen and worship their ancestors and the seven Mother Goddesses. In the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth steps, the couple left his wife's house when she was given a bouquet of flowers from her parents; wife and husband entered the jagya and then escorted to a stretcher when they returned to their husband's permanent home. The thirteenth creature after they enter the jagya the virgin bride and sister greet his wife in a ceremony called the meaning of syÃÆ'¤l . They uncover the bride and decorate her with a bouquet of flowers and sprinkle her bloated rice (a sign of prosperity). Fourteenth step is completed after the bride promises a gift to the sisters; he then moves on the fifteenth step where he steps on a pile of rice on the path to the kitchen. The last step is a series of rites, the first being the bride worshiping the ancestors and gods of the husband; she then shows her skills in handling rice to her husband's mother and sister and then they weave her hair. Finally, the mother introduces the bride again in front of her husband and in a ceremony called khutta dhog , the bride places her mother's feet on her forehead so that the marriage ceremony ends.
Marriage and Life Married in Hinduism
Although there are many rituals in Hinduism, such as those occurring at the birth and death of a loved one, Hindu marriage is the most important and widespread private ritual performed by the Hindu adult in his life. A typical Hindu family spends a great deal of effort and financial resources to prepare and celebrate marriage.
Economy
In 2008, India's wedding market is estimated at $ 31 billion per year. Various sources estimate India celebrates about 10 million marriages per year, and more than 80% of them are Hindu weddings. Average spending exceeds US $ 3,000 per marriage. Another $ 30 billion a year is spent on jewelry in India, with jewelry for weddings being a dominant market. In a country with per capita annual income of $ 1,500, marriage is a major financial burden for a typical Hindu family.
Legal
In India, where most Hindus live, the laws relating to marriage differ by religion. According to the Hindu Wedding Act of 1955, endorsed by the Indian Parliament, for all legal purposes, all Hindus of caste, creed or sect, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain are considered Hindus and can be married. By the Special Marriage Act, 1954, a Hindu can marry someone who is not a Hindu, using any ceremony, provided that certain legal conditions are met. Under Article 7 of the Hindu Wedding Law, and tradition, no Hindu marriage is complete and complete before the seventh step of the Saptapadi ritual, in the presence of fire, by the bridegroom and the groom together. In some cases, like Hindu Indian Hindu weddings, this is not necessary.
Married life
A Vedic sage stressed that the foundation of a happy and fulfilling married life is a sense of unity, intimacy and love between husband and wife both physically, mentally and spiritually. Therefore the wife is considered as the husband of Ardhangani according to Hindu tradition. Marriage is not for the enjoyment of oneself, but is considered a lifelong social and spiritual responsibility. Married life is considered as an opportunity for two people to grow as a partner of life to his soul companion.
See also
- Vivaah, marriage per Vedic Hindu tradition
- Mangala Sutra
- Pativrata
- Marriage in Hinduism
- Wedding in India
References
Further reading
- Vivaha Sanskara, Hindu Wedding Ceremony, OCLCÃ, 772457120 and ISBNÃ, 0-9793501-3-1 and OpenLibrary OL16793722W
- Kavita Kapoor (2007), Ritual & amp; Hindu wedding customs: design & amp; planning guide, OCLCÃ, 225099749, ISBN 978-1434319272
- Michaels, A (2004), Hindu: Past and Present (5th ed.), Princeton University Press Oracle, pp.Ã , 111 -131, ISBNÃ, 0-691-08953-1
External links
- Guide for Marriage
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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