John Winston Ono Lennon (October 9, 1940 - December 8, 1980) was a British singer, songwriter and peace activist who founded The Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a highly celebrated songwriting partnership. Together with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group will rise to worldwide fame during the 1960s.
He was born as John Winston Lennon in Liverpool, where he became involved in a skiffle appetite as a teenager. In 1957, he formed his first band, Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Lennon began recording as a solo artist before the band's dissolution in April 1970; two of the songs are "Give Peace a Chance" and "Instant Karma!" Lennon later produced an album that included John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and songs like "Working Class Hero", "Imagine" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)) ". After marrying Yoko Ono in 1969, he added "Ono" as one of his middle names. Lennon escaped from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean but reappeared with Ono in 1980 with the album Double Fantasy . He was shot and killed in the arch of his Manhattan apartment building three weeks after the album was released.
Lennon reveals the rebellious nature and intelligence in music, writing, pictures, movies, and interviews. Controversial through his political activism and peace, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy effort by the Nixon government to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as national anthems by the larger anti-war and counter-cultural movements.
In 2012, sales of Lennon's solo album in the United States has surpassed 14 million units. She has 25 number one singles on the Billboard chart Hot 100 US as a writer, coauthor, or player. In 2002, Lennon was voted eighth in a BBC poll of 100 Great Britons and in 2008, Rolling Stone placed him as the fifth greatest singer of all time. In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Lennon was twice posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: first in 1988 as a member of The Beatles and again in 1994 as a solo artist.
Video John Lennon
Biografi
1940-1957: Tahun-tahun awal
Lennon was born on October 9, 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia (nÃÆ' Â © e Stanley) (1914-1958) and Alfred Lennon (1912-1976). Alfred is an Irish sailor merchant who was away at the time of his son's birth. His parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John "Jack" Lennon, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. His father was often away from home but sent a regular payment check to 9 Ã, Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother; the check stopped when he left without a leave in February 1944. When he finally came home six months later, he offered to take care of the family, but Julia, then pregnant with another boy, dismissed the idea. After his sister, Mimi, complained to the Social Service Liverpool twice, Julia gave Lennon the custody. In July 1946, Lennon's father visited him and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to move to New Zealand with him. Julia followed them - along with her partner at the time, 'Bobby' Dykins - and after a heated debate, her father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but when his mother left, he started crying and followed him, although this is still debatable. According to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennon's parents agree that Julia should take her and give her home as Alf goes again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, said the dramatic scene often portrayed with young John Lennon had to make a decision between his parents never happened. It will be 20 years before he gets in touch with his father again.
Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence, Lennon lived in Mendips, Menlove Avenue, Woolton with Mimi and her husband George Toogood Smith, who had no children of their own. Her aunt bought many short stories for her, and her uncle, a milk craftsman on her family farm, bought her a mouth organ and involved her in solving crossword puzzles. Julia visits Mendips regularly, and when John is 11, he often visits him on Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where he plays Elvis Presley songs, teaches him banjo, and shows him how to play Is not That a Shame by the Domino Fat. In September 1980, Lennon commented on his family and the nature of his rebellion:
Part of me wants to be accepted by all sides of society and not becomes this loud, hard-mouthed poet/musician. But I can not be what I'm not... I'm the one who all the other boys' parents - including Paul's father - will say, 'Keep away from him'... Parents instinctively admit I'm a troublemaker, meaning I do not fit and I will affect their children, which I do. I did my best to disturb every friend's house... Partly because of jealousy that I do not have what is called a house... but I do ... There are five women who my family. Five strong , smart , beautiful woman , five sisters. What happened was my mother. [He] can not face life. He is the youngest and he has a husband who fled to the sea and the war is in progress and he can not overcome me, and I end up living with his sister. Now the women are fantastic... And that is my first feminist education... I will infiltrate the minds of other boys. I can say, "Parents are not gods because I do not live with mine and, therefore, I know."
He regularly visits his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lives in Fleetwood and takes him on his way to the local cinema. During school holidays, Parkes often visits Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, and threesome often travels to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They will visit Circus Tower Blackpool and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon really likes George Formby. After the Parkes family moved to Scotland, the three cousins ​​often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalls, "John, Leila's cousin and I are very close." From Edinburgh we will go to the family home in Durness, which comes from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16 years old. " He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of hemorrhage on June 5, 1955, at the age of 52 years.
Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School. After passing the eleven plus exams, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool from September 1952 to 1957, and described by Harvey at the time as "happy-go-lucky, good-humored, easy going, ladle lad". He often drew a cute cartoon that appeared in his own school magazine called The Daily Howl, but despite his artistic talent, his school report buried: "Of course on the road to failure... desperate... not a clown in class... wasting other students' time. "
In 2005, the National Postal Museum in the US obtained a collection of stamps that Lennon had collected when he was a child.
In 1956, Julia bought her first guitar for John. His instrument was the cheap Gallotone Champion acoustics, which he "lent" his son five pounds and ten shillings on condition that the guitar was delivered to his own home and not Mimi's, knowing well that his sister did not support his son's musical aspirations.. Mimi is skeptical of her claim that she will be famous someday, and she hopes she will get bored with the music, often telling him, "The guitar is very good, John, but you can never live from it". On July 15, 1958 (when Lennon was 17 years old) his mother was beaten and killed by a car while he was walking home after visiting the Smith family's home.
Lennon failed in all his GCE O-level exams and was accepted at Liverpool College of Art only after his aunt and his principal interfered. Once on campus, he started wearing Teddy Boy's clothes and gained a reputation for disrupting the class and mocking the teacher. As a result, he was expelled from the painting class, then a graphic art course, and was threatened with expulsion for his behavior, including sitting on the lap of a naked model during a live drawing class. He failed his annual exams, despite the help of fellow student and future wife Cynthia Powell, and was "expelled from college before her final year".
1957-1970: The Quarrymen to the Beatles
1957-1966: Formation, piercing outbound ads and a tour of years
At the age of 15, Lennon formed a skiffle group, Quarrymen. Named after Quarry Bank High School, the group was founded by Lennon in September 1956. In the summer of 1957, Quarrymen played a "vibrant series of songs" consisting of half skiffle and half rock and roll. Lennon first met Paul McCartney in the second Quarrymen show, held at Woolton on July 6 in St. John's home garden. Peter's Church. Lennon then asked McCartney to join the band.
McCartney says that Aunty Mimi "is well aware that John's friends are a lesser class", and will often patronize her when she arrives to visit Lennon. According to Paul's brother, McCartney's father also disagreed, stating that Lennon would make his son "in trouble", although he later allowed the young band to practice in McCartney's front room at Forthlin Road. During this time, 18-year-old Lennon wrote his first song, "Hello Little Girl", the British top 10 hit for The Fourmost almost five years later.
McCartney recommends his friend George Harrison to become the lead guitarist. Lennon thought that Harrison, then 14 years old, was too young. McCartney designed an audition on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played with Raunchy for Lennon and was asked to join. Stuart Sutcliffe, Lennon's friend from art school, later joined as a bassist. Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe became "The Beatles" in early 1960. In August of that year, The Beatles were engaged for 48 nights in Hamburg, Germany and desperately needed a drummer. They asked Pete Best to join them. Lennon is now 19 years old, and his aunt, horrified when he tells the story about the trip, begs him to continue his studies instead. After the first Hamburg residency, the band received another in April 1961, and a third in April 1962. Like other band members, Lennon was introduced to Preludin while in Hamburg, and regularly took the drug as a stimulant during their long, overnight show.
Brian Epstein ran the Beatles from 1962 until his death in 1967. He had no experience managing the artist before, but he had a strong influence on dress code and group attitudes on stage. Lennon initially refused his efforts to encourage the band to present a professional appearance, but eventually fulfilled, saying, "I'll wear bloody balloons if someone will pay me". McCartney took over the bass after Sutcliffe decided to stay in Hamburg, and Pete Best was replaced by Ringo Starr drummer; this completed four pieces of line-up that will remain until the group broke up in 1970. The band's first single, "Love Me Do", was released in October 1962 and reached No. 1. 17 on the UK charts. They recorded their debut album, Please Please Me , in less than 10 hours on February 11, 1963, the day when Lennon suffered a cold effect, which proved in vocals on the last song to be recorded that day, "Twist and Shout ". Lennon-McCartney's songwriting partnership earned eight out of fourteen tracks. With some exceptions, one of which is the title of the album itself, Lennon has not brought his love of the word game to bear the lyrics of his song, saying: "We just write the song Ã, ... pop songs with no more thinking of them rather than that - to make sounds, and those words are almost irrelevant ". In a 1987 interview, McCartney said that the other Beatles idolized John: "He is like our own little Elvis Ã, ... We all look at John He is older and he is very leader, he is the fastest intelligence and the smartest. "
The Beatles achieved mainstream success in England in early 1963. Lennon was on tour when his first son, Julian, was born in April. During the Royal Variety Show show, which was attended by Queen Mother and other British nobles, Lennon made fun of the audience: "For our next song, I want to ask your help.For those on the cheaper seats, clap your hands Ã, ... and the rest, if you just thrill your jewelry. "After a year of Beatlemania in England, the group's debut appearance in 1964 February at The Ed Sullivan Show marked their breakthrough become an international star. The two-year period of continuous touring, filming, and songwriting followed, in which Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Writings and the Spaniards in the Work . The Beatles received recognition from the British Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Royal Order of England (MBE) at the Honors of Queen's Birthday 1965.
Lennon is increasingly worried that fans who attended the Beatles concert could not hear the music above the fans' cries, and that musical music began to suffer as a result. "Help!" Lennon expressed his own feelings in 1965: "I mean ... It was me singing 'help'". She has gained weight (she will later refer to this as her "Fat Elvis" period), and feels she unconsciously seeks change. In March of that year, he was unknowingly introduced to LSD when a dentist, hosted a dinner party attended by Lennon, Harrison and their wives, flooded the guest coffee with the drug. When they want to leave, their host reveals what they have taken, and strongly advises them not to leave the house because of the possible effects. Then, in the elevator at the nightclub, they all believed it was on fire: "We all shout Ã, ... hot and hysterical." In March 1966, during an interview with Evening Standard reporter Maureen Cleave, Lennon commented, "Christianity will go away, it will disappear and shrink ... We are more popular than Jesus now - I do not know which one will be the first, rock and roll or Christian. "The remark was almost unnoticed in Britain but caused a massive offense in the US when quoted by a magazine there five months later. The furor that followed, including the burning of Beatles recordings, Ku Klux Klan activities and threats against Lennon, contributed to the band's decision to stop the tour. 1967-1970: _Studio_years, _break-up_and_solo_work "> 1967-1970: The studio year, break- and solo work
After The Beatles' last concert on August 29, 1966, Lennon lost a live show routine; he feels lost and is considering leaving the band. Since his accidental introduction to LSD, he has increased the use of the drug and is almost always under his influence during 1967. According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's ongoing experiments with LSD during that year led him to "almost erase his identity." The year 1967 saw the release of "Strawberry Fields Forever", praised by Time magazine for its "stunning inventory", and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band , revealing the lyrics by Lennon in stark contrast to the simple love songs of the early years of 'Lennon-McCartney'.
After The Beatles was introduced to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the group attended a weekend of personal instruction at its Transcendental Meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales. During the seminar, they were told about Epstein's death. "I knew we were in trouble then," Lennon said later. "I have no misconceptions about our ability to do anything but play music, and I am afraid". Led mainly by Harrison and Lennon's interest in Eastern religion, the Beatles then went to the Maharishi ashram in India for further guidance. While there, they compose most of the songs for The Beatles and Abbey Road .
The anti-war and black comedy How I Win the War , featured only Lennon's appearance in a non-Beatles movie, was shown in theaters in October 1967. McCartney organized the group's first post. projects, self-made, self-produced, self-directed television movies, produced and directed Magical Mystery Tour , released in December of that year. While the film itself proved to be their first critical failure, the soundtrack release, featuring Lennon's famous Lewis Carroll-inspired "I Am the Walrus", was a success. With Epstein gone, band members became increasingly involved in business activities, and in February 1968 they formed Apple Corps, a multimedia company made up of Apple Records and several other subsidiaries. Lennon described the effort as an attempt to achieve "artistic freedom in the business structure", but his increasing drug experimentation and growing preoccupation with Yoko Ono, combined with the Beatles' inability to agree on how the company should go, left Apple in need of professional management. Lennon asked Lord Beeching to take on the role, but he refused, advising Lennon to re-make notes. Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, who had been managing the Rolling Stones and other bands during the British Invasion. In early 1969, Klein was appointed chief executive of Apple by Lennon, Harrison and Starr, but McCartney never signed a management contract.
In late 1968, Lennon was featured in the film Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus in the role of band member Mac Dirty. The film was not released until 1996. The supergroup, consisting of Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also supported Ono's vocal appearance in the film. Lennon and Ono married on March 20, 1969, and immediately released a series of 14 lithographs called "Bag One" depicting scenes from their honeymoon, eight of which were considered obscene and largely banned and confiscated. Lennon's creative focus continued to move beyond The Beatles and between 1968 and 1969 he and Ono recorded three experimental music albums together: Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins (known more for the cover than the music) Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions and Wedding Album . In 1969, they formed Plastic Ono Band, releasing Live Peace in Toronto 1969 . Between 1969 and 1970, Lennon released the single "Give Peace a Chance", widely adopted as the 1969 anti-Vietnam-War song, "Cold Turkey", documenting the withdrawal symptoms after he became a heroin addict, and "Direct reply! "
In protest at Britain's involvement in the Nigerian-Biafran case, (the Nigerian Civil War), its support for America in the Vietnam war and (possibly joking) against "Cold Turkey" slipped on the charts, Lennon returned his MBE medal to the Queen, although this has no effect on its MBE status, which can not be denied.
Lennon left the Beatles in September 1969 and agreed not to let the media know when the group renegotiated their record deal, but he was angry that McCartney published his own departure to release his debut solo album in April 1970. Lennon's reaction was, "Jesus Christ He got all credit for that! "He then wrote," I started the band. I broke it. It's that simple. " In a subsequent interview with Rolling Stone magazine, he expressed his bitterness about McCartney, saying, "I am foolish not to do what Paul does, who uses it to sell recordings." Lennon also talks about the hostility he thinks other members have against Ono, and how he, Harrison, and Starr "sick of being sidemen for Paul... After Brian Epstein died we collapsed Paul took over and should have taken us But what led we as we go round and round? "
1970-1980: Solo Career
1970-1972: Early solo success and activism
In 1970, Lennon and Ono underwent primal therapy with Arthur Janov in Los Angeles, California. Designed to release emotional pain from an early age, the therapy takes two and a half days a week with Janov for four months; he wanted to treat the couple longer, but they felt no need to continue and return to London. Lennon's solo debut album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), was received with praise by many music critics, but his very personal lyrics and loud voice limited his commercial performance. Critic Greil Marcus commented, "The song of John in the last verse 'Lord' may be the best in all rocks." The album featured the song "Mother", in which Lennon faced the feeling of rejection of his childhood, and Dylanesque's "Working Class Hero", a bitter attack on the bourgeois social system which, because the lyrics "You're still a friggin 'farmer", fouls broadcasters. That same year, Tariq Ali expressed his revolutionary political outlook when he interviewed Lennon. It inspired the singer to write "Power to the People". Lennon was also involved with Ali during a protest against the prosecution of Oz magazine for alleged obscenity. Lennon denounced the process as "disgusting fascism," and he and Ono (as Elastic Oz Band) released the single "God Save Us/Do the Oz" and joined the parade to support the magazine.
Eager for big commercial success, Lennon adopted a more accessible sound for his next album, Imagine (1971). Rolling Stone reports that "it contains mostly good music" but warns of the possibility that "its posture will soon seem not just boring but irrelevant". The album's title track then became the national anthem for the anti-war movement, while the song "How Do You Sleep?" was a musical attack on McCartney in response to the lyrics on Lennon's Lennon and Ono moved to New York in August 1971 and released "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" in December. During the new year, the Nixon government took what it called "strategic countermeasures" against Lennon's anti-war and anti-Nixon propaganda. The administration started what would be a four-year effort to deport it. After George McGovern lost the presidential election to Richard Nixon in 1972, Lennon and Ono attended a post-election event held at New York home, activist Jerry Rubin. Lennon was involved in ongoing legal battles with the immigration authorities, and he was denied permanent residence in the US; this problem would not be resolved until 1976. Lennon was depressed and drunk; she lets Ono shame after having sex with a female guest. The song "Death of Samantha" was inspired by the incident. Some Time in New York City was recorded as a collaboration with Ono and released in 1972 with support from New York's Elephant's Memory band. LP double, containing songs on women's rights, race relationships, British roles in Northern Ireland and Lennon's difficulties in obtaining a green card. This album is a commercial failure and slandered by critics, who find their heavy and endless political sloganeering. The NME ' s takes the form of an open letter in which Tony Tyler scoffs Lennon as "sad, revolutionary aging". In the US, "Woman Is the Nigger of the World" was released as a single from the album and aired on May 11th, at The Dick Cavett Show. Many radio stations refused to broadcast the song because of the word "negro". Lennon and Ono gave two concerts with Elephant's Memory and guests in New York to help patients at the Willowbrook State School mental facility. Staged at Madison Square Garden on August 30, 1972, they were his last full concert performance. 1973-1975: "Losing the weekend"
While Lennon was recording Mind Games in 1973, he and Ono decided to split up. The next 18 months, which is then called "the lost weekend", was spent in Los Angeles and New York City at May Pang's company. Mind Games , credited to "Plastic UFOno Band", was released in November 1973. Lennon also contributed "I'm the Greatest" to Ringo's Starr album (1973), released on the same month. An alternative pickup, from the same session in 1973 Ringo , with Lennon providing guided vocals, appeared on John Lennon Anthology .
In early 1974, Lennon drank a lot and his alcohol-induced antics with Harry Nilsson made headlines. In March, two widely publicized incidents took place at the Troubadour club. In the first incident, Lennon put his unused menstrual pad on his forehead and clashed with a maid. The second incident occurred two weeks later, when Lennon and Nilsson were expelled from the same club after tasting the Smothers Brothers. Lennon decided to produce the album Nilsson Pussy Cats , and Pang rented a Los Angeles beach house for all the musicians. After a month of more debauchery, recording sessions in chaos, and Lennon returns to New York with Pang to complete the work on the album. In April, Lennon has produced Mick Jagger's song "Too Many Cooks (Spoil the Soup)" which, for contractual reasons, has remained unreleased for more than 30 years. Pang provided the recording for his eventual inclusion at The Best of Mick Jagger (2007).
Lennon has settled back in New York when he recorded the Walls and Bridges album. Released in October 1974, it included "Whatever You Can Get A Night", featuring Elton John on backing vocals and piano, and being Lennon's solo artist on top of the Billboard chart Hot 100 US during his life. b The second single from the album, "# 9 Dream", followed before the end of the year. Starr's Goodnight Vienna (1974) again sees help from Lennon, who writes the title song and plays the piano. On November 28th, Lennon made a surprise appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at Madison Square Garden, in fulfilling his promise to join the singer in live performance if "Whatever Gets You Through the Night", a song that has Lennon's commercial potential hesitate, reaching number one. Lennon performed the song along with "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" and "I Saw Her Standing There", which he introduced as "a song by an old fiance I had long called Paul".
Lennon co-wrote "Fame", first US number one David Bowie, and provided guitar and backing vocals for January 1975 recordings. The same month, Elton John topped the charts with "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" cover, featuring Lennon on guitar and back-up vocals; Lennon is credited to the single under the moniker "Dr. Winston O'Boogie". He and Ono reunited shortly after. Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll (1975), a cover song album, in February. "Stand by Me", taken from the album and hit US and UK, became his last single for five years. He made what would be his last stage performance on the ATV special A Salute to Lew Grade, recorded on April 18 and broadcast in June. Playing an acoustic guitar and supported by an eight-piece band, Lennon performed two songs of unopened "Stand by Me" Rock 'n' Roll, and "Slippin 'and Slidin'" followed by " Imagine ". The band, known as Etc, wore a mask on the back of their heads, excavations by Lennon, who thought Grade was duplicitious.
1975-1980: Hiatus and back
Sean is Lennon's only child with Ono. Sean was born on October 9, 1975 (Lennon's thirty-fifth birthday), and John took the role of homehusband. Lennon started what would be a five-year hiatus from the music industry, during which time he gave all his attention to his family. Within a month, he fulfilled his contractual obligations to EMI/Capitol for one more album with the release of Shaved Fish , a previously recorded song compilation album. She devotes herself to Sean, rises to 6 every day to plan and prepare her food and spend time with her. He wrote "Cookin '(to Love Kitchen)" for Starr's Ringo Rotogravure (1976), performing on a track in June in what would be his last recording session until 1980. He officially announced his break from music in Tokyo on in 1977, said, "basically we've decided, without a good decision, to be with our baby as much as we can until we feel able to take time off to indulge ourselves in creating things outside the family." During the break of his career he made several drawing series, and compiled a book containing a mixture of autobiographical material and what he called "crazy stuff", all of which would be published posthumously.
Lennon emerged from his five-year annoyance in a music recording in October 1980, when he released the single "(Just Like) Starting Over". The following month saw the release of Double Fantasy , which contained songs written during the June 1980 trip to Bermuda on a 43-foot sailing vessel. Music reflects the fulfillment of Lennon in the life of his newfound family. Sufficient additional material was recorded for the planned follow-up album Milk and Honey , which was released posthumously, in 1984. Double Fantasy was released jointly by Lennon and Ono very shortly before his death ; this album is not well received and attracts comments like Melody Maker ' s "spoiling infertility ... evaporating yawns".
December 8, 1980: Shoot and die
After one night at the Record Plant on December 8, 1980, Lennon and Ono returned to their Manhattan apartment in a limousine at around 10:50 pm (span> Ã, p.m. (EST). They got out of the vehicle and walked through the Dakota gate when an armed man Mark David Chapman shot Lennon four times behind at close range. Lennon was rushed to a police car to the emergency room of the nearby Roosevelt Hospital, where he was declared dead on arrival at 11:00 Ã, p.m. (EST). Earlier that night, Lennon had signed a copy of Double Fantasy for Chapman.
Ono issued a statement the next day, saying "There's no funeral for John", ending with the words, "John loves and prays for mankind. Please do the same for him." His body was cremated at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono spread his ashes in Central Park New York, where the burial of Strawberry Fields was later made. Chapman avoided going to court when he ignored the advice of his lawyer and pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20 years for life. In 2016, he was denied parole for the ninth time.
Maps John Lennon
Personal relationships
Cynthia Lennon
Lennon met Cynthia Powell (1939-2015) in 1957, when they became students at Liverpool College of Art. Although Powell was intimidated by Lennon's attitude and appearance, he heard that he was obsessed with French actress Brigitte Bardot, so it colored her blond hair. Lennon took him out, but when he said he was engaged, he shouted, "I did not ask you to marry me, did you?" He often accompanies him to the Shepherd's show and travels to Hamburg with his boyfriend McCartney to visit him. Lennon is jealous by nature and eventually grows possessive, often frightening Powell with his anger and physical violence. Lennon later said that until he met Ono, he never questioned his chauvinistic attitude towards women. He said that the Beatles song "Getting Better" tells his own story, "I used to be cruel to my woman, and physically - any woman, I'm a batter, I can not express myself and I hit I fight against men and I hit women That's why I'm always about peace. "
Remembering the reaction of July 1962 when she learned that Cynthia was pregnant, Lennon said, "There's only one thing for that, Cyn, we have to get married." The couple married on August 23 at the Mount Pleasant Register Office in Liverpool, with Brian Epstein serving as the best man. Her marriage began just as the Beatlemania went to England. She performed on her wedding night and will continue to do it almost every day since then. Epstein is afraid that fans will be alienated by the idea of ​​a married Beatle, and he asks the Lennon family to keep their marriage a secret. Julian was born on April 8, 1963; Lennon was on tour at the time and did not see his infant son until three days later.
Cynthia attributes early marriage details to the use of LSD Lennon, and she feels that she has slowly lost interest in him as a result of the drug's use. When the group traveled by train to Bangor, Wales in 1967 for the Maharishi Yogi Transendental Meditation Seminar, a policeman did not recognize him and stopped him from riding. He then remembers how the incident seemed to symbolize the end of their marriage. After Cynthia arrives home at Kenwood, she finds Lennon with Ono and leaves the house to stay with friends. Alexis Mardas later claimed to have slept with him that night, and a few weeks later he told me that Lennon was looking for a divorce and custody of Julian on the grounds of his adultery with him. After the negotiations, Lennon surrendered and agreed to let her divorce her for the same reason. The case was settled out of court in November 1968, with Lennon giving him £ 100,000 ($ 240,000 in US dollars at the time), a small annual payment and custody of Julian.
Brian Epstein
The Beatles were performing at the Liverpool Cavern Club in November 1961 when they were introduced to Brian Epstein after the noon concert. Epstein is a homosexual, and according to biographer Philip Norman, one of Brian's reasons for managing the group is that he is physically attracted to Lennon. Almost as fast as Julian was born, Lennon went on holiday to Spain with Epstein, which led to speculation about their relationship. When he was then asked about it, Lennon said, "Well, it's almost a matter of love, but it's not enough It's never perfect, but it's a pretty intense connection.This is my first experience with a homosexual that I realize is homosexual We used to sit in a cafà © à © in Torremolinos see all the boys and I would say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I kind of enjoyed the experience, thinking like an author all the time: I'm having this. "As soon as they returned from Spain, at McCartney's 20th birthday party in June 1963, Lennon physically attacked the Club Master Cavern from Bob Wooler ceremony for says "How is your honeymoon, John?" The MC, known for his playful and affectionate play but cutting comments, made a joke, but ten months have passed since Lennon's wedding, and a suspended honeymoon is still two months in the future. Lennon was drunk at the time and the matter was simple: "He called me a queer so I hit his bloody ribs."
Lennon likes to ridicule Epstein for his homosexuality and for the fact that he is Jewish. When Epstein invites suggestions for his autobiographical title, Lennon offers Queer Jew ; to learn the final title, A Cellarful of Noise , he parodies, "More like A Cellarful of Boys". He asks the visitor to Epstein's flat, "Did you come to blackmail him? If not, you're the only bugger in London yet." During the recording of "Baby, You're a Rich Man", he sings an elusive chorus of "Baby, you're a rich Jew".
Julian Lennon
During his marriage to Cynthia, Lennon's first son, Julian, was born at the same time as his commitment to the ever increasing Beatles at the top of Beatlemania. Lennon was on tour with The Beatles when Julian was born on April 8, 1963. Julian's birth, like his mother's marriage to Cynthia with Lennon, was kept secret because Epstein believed that public knowledge of such things would threaten the Beatles' commercial success. Julian recalled that as a child in Weybridge about four years later, "I was driven home from school and came walking with one of my watercolors.It was just a bunch of stars and blonde girls I knew at school and Daddy said, 'What this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with a diamond.' "Lennon used it as the title song of the Beatles, and although later reportedly derived from the LSD initials, Lennon insisted," This is not an acid song. "McCartney reinforced Lennon's explanation that Julian rudely mentioned his name. Lennon is far from Julian, who feels closer to McCartney than his father. During a car trip to visit Cynthia and Julian during Lennon's divorce, McCartney composed a song, "Hey Jules", to cheer him up. It will develop into The Beatles song "Hey Jude". Lennon then said, "It was his best song, it started as a song about my son Julian ... he changed it to 'Hey Jude' I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it was not.
Lennon's relationship with Julian was tense, and after Lennon and Ono moved to Manhattan in 1971, Julian would not see his father again until 1973. With Pang's encouragement, arrangements were made for Julian (and his mother) to visit Lennon in Los Angeles, where they go to Disneyland. Julian began to see his father regularly, and Lennon gave him a drum section on the Walls and Bridges line. He bought Julian Gibson Les Paul's guitar and other instruments, and encouraged his interest in music by showing guitar chord techniques. Julian recalls that he and his father were "much better" as long as he spent in New York: "We had fun, laughed a lot, and had fun in general."
In a Playboy interview with David Sheff shortly before his death, Lennon said, "Sean is a well-planned boy, and that's where the differences are going.I do not like Julian much less as a kid, he's me son, came from a bottle of whiskey or because they had no pills at the time.He's here, he's mine, and he'll always be. "He said he tried to rebuild the relationship with the 17-year-old boy, and confidently predicted," Julian and I will have a relationship in the future. " After his death it was revealed that he had left Julian very little in his will.
Yoko Ono
There are two versions of how Lennon met Yoko Ono. According to the first, told by Lennons, on November 9, 1966 Lennon went to the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing for his conceptual art exhibition, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar. Lennon is interested in Ono "Hammer A Nail": customers hit nails onto a wooden board, creating artwork. Although the exhibit has not started yet, Lennon wants to plug a nail into a clean board, but Ono stops him. Dunbar asked him, "Do not you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it." Ono should not have heard of the Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay for his five shillings, to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you five imaginary shillings and hammering imaginary spikes." Ono later recounted that Lennon had bitten an apple on display in his Apple , much to his anger. The second version, told by McCartney, is that at the end of 1965, Ono was in London composing an original musical score for a book that John Cage was working on, Notation, but McCartney refused to give him one of his own. manuscripts for this book, indicating that Lennon might be obliging. When asked, Lennon gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to "The Word".
Ono starts visiting and calls Lennon's house and, when his wife asks him for an explanation, Lennon explains that Ono is just trying to earn money for his "avant-garde crap". When his wife was on holiday in Greece in May 1968, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the album Two Virgins, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn." When Lennon's wife returns home, he finds Ono wearing a bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply says, "Oh, hi." Ono became pregnant in 1968 and a miscarriage of a boy on November 21, 1968, a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was awarded.
Two years before The Beatles broke up, Lennon and Ono started a public protest against the Vietnam War. They married in Gibraltar on March 20, 1969, and spent their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam, campaigning with Bed-In for Peace for a week. They planned another bed in the United States, but were refused entry, so it was held one at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded "Give Peace a Chance". They often combine advocacy with the performing arts, as in their "Bagism", first introduced during a press conference in Vienna. Lennon detailed this period in The Beatles song "The Ballad of John and Yoko". Lennon changed his name by polling on April 22, 1969, adding "Ono" as the middle name. The brief ceremony took place on the roof of the Corps Apple building, made famous three months earlier by The Beatles Concert "Let It Be ." Although he used the name John Ono Lennon afterwards, the official document referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, as he was not allowed to repeal the name given at birth. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill in Berkshire. After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged a king-sized bed to be taken to the recording studio while he was working on The Beatles' last album, Abbey Road. To avoid the band's despair, Ono suggested they move permanently to Manhattan, which they did on August 31, 1971.
They first stayed at The St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, then moved to a street-level flat at 105 Bank Street, Greenwich Village, on October 16, 1971. After the robbery, they moved in 1973 to a safer place. Dakota on 1 West Ã, 72nd Street.
May Pang
ABKCO Industries was formed in 1968 by Allen Klein as an umbrella company for ABKCO Records. Klein hired May Pang as a receptionist in 1969. Through involvement in the project with ABKCO, Lennon and Ono met him the following year. He became their personal assistant. After he worked with the couple for three years, Ono confessed that he and Lennon became alienated. He goes on to suggest that Pang should start a physical relationship with Lennon, telling him, "He loves you so much." Pang, 22, stunned by Ono's proposition, finally agrees to become Lennon's friend. The couple soon moved to California, embarking on an 18 month period he was later called "the lost weekend". In Los Angeles, Pang encourages Lennon to develop regular contact with Julian, whom he has not seen for two years. He also revived friendships with Starr, McCartney, Beatles roadie Mal Evans, and Harry Nilsson. While Lennon was drinking with Nilsson, he misunderstood something Pang said and tried to strangle him. Lennon succumbed only after he was physically arrested by Nilsson.
When Lennon and Pang return to their newly rented Manhattan apartment, they prepare a spare room for Julian when he visits them. Lennon, who had been blocked by Ono in this case, began to rebuild relationships with relatives and other friends. In December, she and Pang consider the purchase of the house, and she refuses to receive Ono's phone call. In January 1975, he agreed to meet Ono, who claimed to have found a cure for smoking. After the meeting, he failed to go home or call Pang. When Pang called the next day, Ono told him that Lennon was not available because he was exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappears on a joint dental agreement; he was dumbfounded and confused in such a way that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. Lennon informs Pang that his breakup with Ono is over, although Ono will allow him to continue to see her as his lover.
Sean Lennon
Ono had previously suffered three miscarriages in an attempt to have a child with Lennon. When Ono and Lennon reunite, she becomes pregnant. He initially says that he wants to have an abortion but changes his mind and agrees to allow the pregnancy to proceed on condition that Lennon adopts a home ribbon role, which he agrees to do. After Sean's birth, Lennon's next hiatus from the music industry will last five years. He has a photographer taking photos of Sean every day in his first year and creating many pictures for him, published posthumously as True Love: The Drawings for Sean. Lennon then proudly stated, "He did not come out of my stomach but, for God's sake, I made his bones, because I had attended every meal, and how he slept, and the fact that he swam like a fish."
Former Beatles
While Lennon and Starr have remained consistently friendly over the years following the breakup of The Beatles in 1970, his relationship with McCartney and Harrison varied. He was initially close to Harrison, but the two separated after Lennon moved to Manhattan in 1971. When Harrison was in New York for his December 1974 tour Dark Horse, Lennon agreed to join him on stage, but failed came after arguments over Lennon's refusal to sign an agreement that would eventually dissolve the Beatles legal fellowship. Lennon finally signed the papers when he was vacationing in Florida with Pang and Julian. Harrison alluded to Lennon in 1980 when he published an autobiography that did little to say about him. Lennon told Playboy , "I'm hurt by it.It glares at the negligence ... my influence on his life really does not exist .." He remembers any two-bit saxophonist or guitarist he met in the following years. I'm not in the book. "
Lennon's most powerful feelings are reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him with the lyrics How Do You Sleep ?, Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split up. The two then began to rebuild something of the close friendship they had known, and in 1974, they even played music together again before finally growing apart once more. During McCartney's last visit in April 1976, Lennon said that they watched the Saturday Night Live episode where Lorne Michaels made a $ 3,000 cash offer to get the Beatles reunited at the event. The couple is considering going to the studio to make a joke appearance, trying to claim their share of the money, but too tired. Lennon summarized his feelings for McCartney in an interview three days before his death: "Throughout my career I have chosen to work with ... only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono Ã, ... That's not so bad. "
Along with his estrangement from McCartney, Lennon always felt the competitiveness of music with him and continued to listen to his music. During his career from 1980 until just before his death, Lennon was content to sit back as long as McCartney produced what Lennon saw as mediocre material. Lennon noticed when McCartney released "Coming Up" in 1980, which was the year Lennon returned to the studio. "This makes me crackers!" he jokes complaining, because he can not get rid of it. That same year, Lennon was asked whether the group was the dreaded enemy or the best friend, and he replied that they were not both, and that he had not seen any of them in a long time. But he also said, "I still love those people.The Beatles are over, but John, Paul, George, and Ringo continue."
Political activism
Lennon and Ono use their honeymoon as Bed for Peace at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel; The events of March 1969 attracted media ridicule around the world. During the second Bed-In three months later at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Lennon wrote and recorded "Give Peace a Chance". Released as a single, the song was quickly interpreted as an anti-war song and sung by a quarter of a million demonstrators against the Vietnam War in Washington, DC, on Nov. 15, Vietnam's second Moratorium Day. In December, they paid billboards in 10 cities around the world stating, in the national language, "War Is Over! If You Want It".
Later that year, Lennon and Ono supported the efforts of the family of James Hanratty to prove his innocence. Hanratty had been hanged in 1962. According to Lennon, those who had cursed Hanratty were "the same people who run weapons into South Africa and kill black people on the streets.... The same bastards are in control, the same people run everything, that is the whole bourgeois scene of nonsense. "In London, Lennon and Ono held a parade of" Murder of the British Killing Hanratty "and" Silent Protests For James Hanratty ", and produced a 40-minute documentary about the case. At appeals several years later, Hanratty's conviction was established after DNA evidence was matched.
Lennon and Ono demonstrated their solidarity with the work of UCS Clydeside workers in 1971 by sending a bouquet of red roses and a check for £ 5,000. While moving to New York City in August of that year, they became friends with two from Chicago Seven, Yippie peace activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. Another political activist, John Sinclair, poet and founder of the White Panther Party, served a ten-year prison sentence for selling two marijuana joints after his previous conviction for possession of the drug. In December 1971 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 15,000 people attended "John Sinclair Freedom Rally", a protest and benefit concert with contributions from Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party, and others. Lennon and Ono, supported by David Peel and Rubin, performed an acoustic set of four songs from their upcoming album Some Time in New York City including "John Sinclair", whose lyrics call for his release. The day before the rally, the Michigan Senate passed a bill that significantly reduced the penalty for possession of marijuana and four days later Sinclair was released on an appeal bond. The show was recorded and two songs later appeared in John Lennon Anthology (1998).
Following the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972, in which fourteen unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by the British Army, Lennon said that it was given a choice between the army and the IRA (who were not involved in that incident) he will take the last side. Lennon and Ono wrote two songs protesting against the presence and actions of the British in Ireland for their "Some Time in New York City" album: "Luck of the Irish" and "Sunday Bloody Sunday". In 2000, David Shayler, a former member of the UK's domestic MI5 security services, suggested that Lennon had given money to the IRA, although this was quickly rejected by Ono. Bill Harry's biography records that after Bloody Sunday, Lennon and Ono financially supported the film production of The Irish Tapes, a political documentary with a Republican tilt.
According to the FBI's surveillance report, and confirmed by Tariq Ali in 2006, Lennon sympathized with the International Marxist Group, the Trotskyist group formed in Britain in 1968. However, the FBI considers Lennon to have limited effectiveness as a revolutionary because he is " narcotics ".
In 1973, Lennon donated a limerick called "Why Make It Sad To Be Gay?" for Len Richmond Gay Liberation Book .
The last act of Lennon's political activism was a statement to support striking minority sanitation workers in San Francisco on December 5, 1980. He and Ono plan to join the workers' protests on December 14th.
Lennon's personal assistant Fred Seaman, who had previously been convicted of, and confessed to, stealing from Lennon's personal belongings, has claimed that at the moment, however, Lennon quietly abandoned the counter-cultural views he had supported during the 1960s and the 1970s and became more in tune with conservatism and support for Ronald Reagan, though whether Lennon was completely in line with a more conservatively debated world view. Some commentators noted that Seaman's claims have low credibility, given that he is a thief who has abused his position to steal from Lennon, and has previously also released a book with questionable charges about Lennon who have largely been ignored.
Deportation attempt
Following the impact of "Give Peace a Chance" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", both of which are closely related to the anti-Vietnam War movement, the Nixon government heard rumors of Lennon's involvement in the concert to be held. in San Diego at the same time as the Republican National Convention and tried to get him deported. Nixon believed that Lennon's anti-war activities could get him reelected; Republican Senator Strom Thurmond suggested in a February 1972 memo that "deportation would be a strategic countermeasure" against Lennon. The following month the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) commenced the deportation process, arguing that 1968 his alleged violation of possession of marijuana in London had rendered him ineligible for acceptance in the United States. Lennon spent the next three and a half years and got out of the deportation hearing until October 8, 1975, when the appellate court banned deportation, stating "... the court will not allow selective deportation based on secret political reasons." While the legal battles continued, Lennon attended a rally and appeared on television. Lennon and Ono hosted the Mike Douglas Show for a week in February 1972, introducing guests like Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale to mid-America. In 1972, Bob Dylan wrote a letter to the INS who defended Lennon, stating:
John and Yoko added a good voice and drove to the so-called art institution in the country. They inspire and transcend and stimulate and thus, only help others to see the pure light and in doing so, ending the boring little sense of commercialism that is passed as Artist Art by a very powerful mass media. Hooray for John and Yoko. Let them stay and stay here and breathe. The country has plenty of space and space. Let John and Yoko live!
On March 23, 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the US in 60 days. Ono, meanwhile, is given a permanent residence. In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference on April 1, 1973 at the New York City Bar Association, where they announced the creation of the state of Nutopia; place with "no land, no limit, no passport, just people". Waving the white flag of Nutopia (two handkerchiefs), they asked for political asylum in the US. The press conference was filmed, and will then appear in the 2006 US vs. John Lennon documentary. Lennon's Mind Games (1973) included the song "Nutopian International Anthem", which consisted of three seconds of silence. Immediately after the press conference, Nixon's involvement in a political scandal was revealed, and in June, the Watergate trial began in Washington, DC. They caused the president's resignation 14 months later. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in continuing the battle against Lennon, and deportation orders were canceled in 1975. The following year, US immigration status was finally settled, Lennon received his "green card" stating his permanent dominance, and when Jimmy Carter was unveiled as president in January 1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inauguration of the Ball.
FBI surveillance and unclassified documents
After Lennon's death, historian Jon Wiener submitted a Freedom of Information Act request for an FBI file documenting the Bureau's role in deportation efforts. The FBI claims to have 281 pages of files in Lennon, but refuses to release most of them on the grounds that they contain national security information. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. It took 14 years of litigation to force the FBI to release a cut page. The ACLU, representing Wiener, won favorable decisions in their lawsuit against the FBI at the Ninth Circuit in 1991. The Justice Department filed an appeal to the Supreme Court in April 1992, but the court refused to review the case. In 1997, respecting President Bill Clinton's new rules that documents should be withheld only if releasing them would involve "unpredictable losses", the Justice Department resolved most of the problems outside the court by releasing all but 10 contested documents.
Wiener publishes the results of his 14-year campaign in January 2000. Give Some Truths: The FBI file John Lennon contains facsimile documents, including "long reports by secret informants detailing the daily life of anti-activist wars, memos to the White House, a transcript of a TV show where Lennon appeared, and a proposal that Lennon was being captured by the local police on drug charges ". The story is told in the US documentary vs. John Lennon. The last 10 documents in the FBI file Lennon, which reported its relationship with London anti-war activists in 1971 and have been arrested for containing "national security information provided by foreign governments under the pledge of explicit secrecy", released in December 2006 They did not find an indication that the British government considers Lennon a serious threat; one example of material released is report
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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