Kleobis (Cleobis) and Biton (Ancient Greek: ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????) are the two Greek sisters of Greek Kouros of Argos whose story begins around 580 BC. Two statues, found in Delphi, represent him.
The story is first seen in Herodotus Histories (1.31) , where Solon told King Lydia, Croesus about the happiest man in the world.
Video Kleobis and Biton
Legenda
Herodotus Story
The legend begins with the story of Solon, after his encounter with Croesus. Solon is an Athenian statesman, parliamentarian, and poet and Croesus is King Lydia who reigned for 14 years. Croesus, concerned about his inheritance over the kingdom, took the time to ask Solon whom he found to be the happiest man in the world. After the answer, Solon named three separate people. The first is Tellus, the second and third are brothers known as Kleobis and Biton. When hearing about this news, Croesus is puzzled why he is not considered one of the happiest men. In response, Solon first tells Tellus's story and then the story of Kleobis and Biton.
In the story, Solon tells the story of how these Argive brothers took their mother named Cydippe, a priest in the temple of Hera, to a festival for the goddess to be held in the city. When their mother's ox could not be found, the brothers tied themselves to their mother's basket and drove her six miles to the temple. Upon arriving at the festival, the mother prayed for Hera to give gifts to her sons for their strength and devotion, which Hera listened to and rewarded her sons. When prayer and sacrifice ended, Kleobis and Biton fell asleep in the temple and never woke up, which was a gift Hera granted to the men: allowing them to die. In honor of the two brothers, the Delphi offer their statues to the Temple of Apollo, allowing these statues to be seen as a memorial of the funeral.
Upon hearing this story, Solon's suggestion to Croesus was "life's uncertainty means that no one can be completely happy." Either a person may experience the excitement of having a sustained prosperity, such as Tellus, or one can experience the life of death, which can be given as a gift like that to Kleobis and Biton. The lesson of the legend is to show that those who are living happily are shown to have a glamorous death. It also shows that "it is better for a man to die than to live".
Interpretation
The significance of this legend shows the Greek culture in judging the "beautiful death," because the afterlife in Greek society looks far superior to any of the living worlds, which can seem odd to the western ears. However, if someone dies because of the wounds inflicted in battle, then that person will have such injuries or injuries as they travel to the underworld. Croesus, expects the happiest person to depend on wealth, not only to die but to fall into a holy sleep ( hieros hypnos) . The story of these two brothers can be described in the statues found in Delphi and where they are currently held at the Delphi Museum.
Maps Kleobis and Biton
Statue
History
Herodotus notes that "Argives have their statues made and arranged them in Delphi, because they have become very good people". Both of these statues are known to resemble other burial monuments of the Archaeological age, founded by the parents of fallen soldiers. The modern Delphi Museum displays two Archaic languages ​​identical to the names Cleobis and Biton, though other archaeologists who have studied the statues, see in it twins from Zeus, Dioscouri, quite widespread worship in the Peloponnese.
The inscriptions on the base of the statue identify them as ??????? (wanak? n), the "prince", an attribute usually given to Castor and Pollux in Argos, a fact that supports identification with Dioscuri. The inscription also identifies Polymedes of Argos as a sculptor: something very unusual on such an early date. The statues are in a peculiar style of Peloponnesia: big and muscular. Their left legs move forward, while their hands are bent at the elbows, touching the thighs, hands closed with fists. His hair curled above the front line and hung on his shoulders. Their eyes are large and almond-shaped, crowned by tall eyebrows. Their faces have a typical Archaic smile. They wear high soled sandals. Each figure stands on a different stepping stone but they both stand on the same pedestal. The recommended date for manufacture is ca. 580 BC. They are considered to be typical specimens of the Archaic statue of the Peloponnese
Connection to Kouros Numbers
These statues have a connection with the foundations of the statue of Kouros, meaning that they are freestanding figures depicting male youths depicted in symmetry and patterns.
The early depictions of the Kouros statue can be found in Egyptian culture, where the style of the statue shows stability, illustrated by a single point of view ahead. Here, the two statues can be seen with the movement of the foot, to imply movement, with the ideal features, from the oval eye to the fist on each side of their torsos. However, these two statues seem to indicate that the Greeks moved away from Egyptian hardliners and began to move towards the ideals of describing a more realistic figure.
In Greece, Kouros "signifies youth and maturity, sometimes the status of the warrior... it is related to the word corros, that denotes nursery or plant buds."
Description
Standing side by side, these marble statues stand on separate blocks backed by the same base that holds several pieces of writing at the bottom. The two statues can be seen with one foot stepping forward, arms locked to their sides, and depicted as naked young men. Though for the marked boots, which could be a sign of the Apollo god or the fact that they are travelers, these size-looking youthful boys are built with broad shoulders and wide faces. Their hair can be seen as a row of large curls like discs lining the foreheads of sculptures, with the rest of the combed hair then split into beads-like elements coming out of the base of the neck, with each tendril drained with a tie.
Heroic Nudity
In the case of Kleobis and Biton, the depiction of heroic nudity can be seen as "basically unrealistic, as long as the fighters have no clothes or body armor, but there is still a clear interest in the posture of life that leaves the heroic body." In the case of two statues, the town of Argives not known for depicting pictures of Kouros, but those two brothers who died this beautiful death was built by the enthusiastic people of Argives as a message to other city-states as Argive nationals. Although it is still unconfirmed whether these children are the true candidates for the statues, the legend seems to fit into the age of the story of Herodotus.
Athletic Imagery
Returning to legend by Solon to Kleobis and Biton, the greatest strength test for the two young men came when they were challenged by having to take their mother into town as her ox. The extent of their muscular depiction is emphasized to characterize them to represent the rough strength of the Argive style, which is found in the High Archaic period.
See also
- Ancient Greek Art
References
External links
- Herodotus on Kleobis and Biton
- Permanent exhibition of the Delphi Archaeological Museum - Kleobis and Biton.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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