Baby foods are soft and easy to eat foods other than breast milk or formula made specifically for human infants between four to six months and two years. Food comes in a variety of varieties and flavors that are purchased ready-made from the manufacturer. Or maybe the table food eaten by a family that has been mashed or tampered with.
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In 2011, the World Health Organization, UNICEF and many national health agencies recommended waiting until the age of six months before starting children with food; individual babies may be very different from these guidelines based on their unique developmental progress. Baby food can be given when the child is ready to eat gradually. Signs of readiness include the ability to sit helplessly, lose the urge of the tongue, and display an active interest in food that others eat.
Maps Baby food
Health
As a global public health recommendation, the World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Most babies are six months old physiologically and ready to thrive for food, texture, and new ways of feeding. Experts advising the World Health Assembly have provided evidence that introducing solid foods earlier than six months increases the chances of sick babies without increasing growth.
One of the health problems associated with the introduction of solid foods before six months is iron deficiency. Early introduction of complementary foods can satisfy baby's hunger, resulting in less frequent breastfeeding and eventually less milk production in the mother. Because the absorption of iron from breast milk is suppressed when milk comes into contact with other foods in the proximal small intestine, early use of complementary foods may increase the risk of iron thinning and anemia.
In Canada, the sodium content in baby food is regulated; strained fruit, fruit juice, fruit drinks, and cereals can not be sold if sodium has been added (excluding filtered desserts). Sodium-containing foods are naturally limited to 0.05 - 0.25 grams per 100 grams of food, depending on the type of baby food.
If there is a family history of allergies, one might want to introduce just one new food at a time, leaving a few days in between to see any reaction that indicates a food allergy or sensitivity. In this way, if the child can not tolerate a particular food, it can be determined which foods are causing the reaction.
Meeting the nutritional needs of infants as they grow is essential for their healthy development. Feeding infants that are inappropriately or inadequately can cause major illness and affect their physical and mental development. Educational campaigns that share information about when to introduce solid foods, the right foods to feed babies, and effective hygiene practices to improve feeding practices.
Nutritional needs and amount of food
Newborns need a diet of breast milk or formula. About 40% of the food energy in this milk comes from carbohydrates, mostly from simple sugars called lactose.
As shown in the 2008 Feeding Infants and Toddlers study, the overall diet of infants and toddlers, major consumers of infant food, generally meets or significantly exceeds the recommended amount of macronutrients. Toddlers and preschoolers generally eat too little dietary fiber, and preschoolers generally eat too much saturated fat, even though overall fat intake is lower than recommended. The micronutrient level is usually at the recommended level. A small group of older babies in research in America need more iron and zinc, such as from iron-fortified baby foods. Most preschoolers and preschool children exceed the recommended levels of the above-mentioned synthetic folate, vitamin A, zinc, and sodium (salt) that were previously formed.
The World Health Organization recommends initiating small amounts that gradually increase with age: 2 to 3 meals per day for infants aged 6 to 8 months and 3 to 4 meals per day for infants aged 9 to 23 months, with 1 or 2 extra snacks as needed.
Preparation and feed
Baby food is a soft, liquid or chewy paste because babies develop less muscle and teeth to chew effectively. Babies usually move to eat baby food after breastfeeding or formula milk is not enough for the child's appetite. Babies do not need to have teeth to switch to eating solid foods. Teeth, however, usually begin to appear at this age. Care should be taken with certain foods that cause choking hazards, such as half-cooked vegetables, grapes, or foods that may contain bone. The infant begins to eat liquid baby food consisting of smoothed vegetables and fruits, sometimes mixed with cereal and rice milk, or breast milk. Then, because the baby is better able to chew, small, soft pieces or lumps can be inserted. Care must be taken, because babies with teeth have the ability to break food pieces but they have no back molars to grind, so the food can be carefully mashed or disassembled beforehand, or broken into pieces that can be managed for their baby. At about 6 months of age, babies may start eating themselves (taking pieces by hand, using whole fists, or then holding thumbs and thumbs) with help from parents.
Homemade or commercial
Homemade baby food is cheaper than commercial baby food. Homemade food is only suitable when families have adequate and varied diets, as well as access to basic cooling and sanitation. It is important to follow proper sanitary methods when preparing homemade baby food such as washing and rinsing vegetables or fruit, as well as cooking and packaging materials to be used.
Homemade food requires more preparation time than opening a jar or a commercial fast food box. Food may need to be chopped or mashed for young infants, or cooked separately without salt, intense spices, or sugar the family chooses to eat. Avocados and bananas are foods that can be easily crushed and contain lots of vitamins and nutrients, making it the ideal beginner meal for babies 6 months or older.
Type
Through the first year, formula milk or baby is the main source of calories and nutrients.
Infants can be started directly on normal family meals if attention is given to choking hazards; this is called baby weaning. Because breast milk picks up the taste of food that the mother eats, this food is primarily a good choice.
The 2008 NestlÃÆ'®'s Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) shows that some American babies are fed baby food before the age of four months.
Food type
- Cereal
- On a typical day about half the American babies aged four and five months are fed baby cereals. The baby may have eaten as small as a small bite of baby cereal, or even as small as a small bite of food containing baby cereals mixed with other foods. Other types of wheat-based foods are rare at that age. Approximately 90% of infants aged six to twelve months consume some type of wheat, although only half eat baby cereal. Others eat rice, bread, crackers, pasta, or cereals designed for older children.
- Fruits
- On some days, about 20% of babies aged four and five months consume some kind of fruit, usually baby food prepared. Like all of this, it may represent as little as a single small bite of fruit or food that is partly made up of fruit. Two-thirds of babies are six to nine months old, and between 75% to 85% of babies and toddlers older than nine months, eat some fruit. At the age of six to nine months, half of infants consume baby food fruits are prepared, but toddlers aged 12 months and older mainly eat non-baby fruits, such as fresh bananas or canned fruits. Apples and bananas are common fruits for babies of all ages. Fruit juice, especially apple juice and grapes, is usually introduced slower than fruit, and about half of older babies and toddlers drink some type of 100% fruit juice.
- Vegetables
- On ordinary days, about a quarter of four- and five-month-old babies eat some vegetables at least once, almost always prepare baby food, and usually yellow or orange vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin winters. At the age of six to nine months, about 60% of infants and about 70% of older infants and toddlers eat vegetables, with baby food vegetables quickly replaced by cooked vegetables after about nine months. Raw vegetables are not common for all babies and toddlers. On the first birthday, almost a third of babies eat potatoes on a certain day.
- Meat
- Very few American babies aged four and five months consume meat or other protein sources (excluding milk). Six- to nine-month-old infants mostly eat meat as part of baby food that contains small amounts of meat along with vegetables or whole grains. About three-quarters of infants aged nine to twelve months are given meat or other protein sources, such as eggs, cheese, yoghurt, nuts, or nuts. More than 90% of infants aged 12 to 18 months, and almost all older children, are given a protein source at least once a day. Nearly three quarters of these toddlers were fed non-baby food; baby food flesh prepared (by itself) is rare at any age.
- Sweet and salty foods
- Sweet and salty foods are not common for babies. Compared with previous research in 2002, the number of infants under the age of nine months who received any sweet foods, snacks, or drinks, has fallen by almost half. At the age of nine to twelve months, less than half the babies are fed sweet foods such as cakes, ice cream, or fruit flavored drinks. Fast food desserts are rare at any age, but are given to almost 12% of infants aged nine to twelve months.
Toddler Food
Some commercial baby food companies have expanded their lines to produce special foods for toddlers from the age of about 12 months to two and a half years. These include juices, cereals, small microwave meals, baked goods, and other foods that have been formulated and marketed for toddlers.
Geriatric use
In the late 1940s, Gerber Products Company and Beech-Nut produced a special cookbook to promote the sale of commercial baby food for use by parents, sick people or the disabled.
Choose meal
Parents and/or caregivers can see up to half of toddlers as "voters" or "faddy", with a peak of about 24 months. Adults who hold this opinion often stop offering new foods to the child after only three to five experiments, rather than continuing to offer food until the child has felt it eight to fifteen times. They can also engage in counterproductive behaviors, such as offering milk that suppresses appetite or other favorite foods as an alternative, or trying to force or bribe a child to eat.
History and culture
Baby foods vary from one culture to another. In many cultures, the pasta of a grain and liquid is the first baby food. In human history and today with many cultures around the world, babies are fed foods that are premasticated by baby guards to crush food and begin the process of digestion. The first bite of solid baby food is ceremonial and plays an important role in many cultures. An example is annaprashan, a Hindu ritual in which babies are given porridge, which is usually blessed, by older family members. Similar rites are conducted throughout Asia, including the areas of Bengal, Vietnam, and Thailand.
In the Western world until the mid-1900s, baby food was generally made at home. The industrial revolution sees the start of the baby food market that promotes commercial baby food as convenience items. In developed countries, babies now often start with commercially commercially produced iron-fortified infant cereal, and then switch to mashed fruits and vegetables. Commercial baby food is widely available in dried form, ready-to-eat and frozen, often in small batches (eg small bottles) for comfort preparations. In contrast, in developing countries, breastfeeding is more widely accepted and socially tolerated in public, thus creating a social contrast. Amy Bentley, author of Finding Baby Food, talks about how to feed babies reflects the "post-war posture of the American Century" because in developed countries, families can buy processed baby food to feed them children, while in developing countries, natural breastfeeding is more popular.
The commercially prepared baby food in the Netherlands was first prepared by Martinus van der Hagen through the NV Nutricia company in 1901. In the United States they were first prepared by Harold Clapp who sold Baby Clapp Foods in the 1920s. The Fremont Canning Company, now called Gerber Products Company, began in 1927. The Beech-Nut Company entered the US baby food market in 1931. The first dried baby food introduced was Pablum originally made for sick children in the 1930s. Other commercial baby food producers include H. J. Heinz Company, Nestlà ©  ©, Nutricia and Organix. Heinz produced dehydrated baby food in the 1980s. Demand from parents for organic food began to grow in the 1960s; since then, many larger commercial manufacturers have introduced the baby food organic line.
At the beginning of the 20th century in America, most babies start eating baby food around the age of seven months. During and immediately after World War II, the age at which solid food was first introduced dropped to just six weeks. This age has since increased to four to six months. By the mid-20th century, baby food produced was ready for use and complemented previous infant feeding practices. Author of Finding Baby Food, Amy Bentley argues that excessive additives of sugar, salt, and MSG in excessively manufactured baby foods are conditioned by infants to prefer processed foods later in life. Also, it is believed that exposing infants to solid foods at an early age also helps them to become familiar with food later in life. The abuse of salt and sugar is furthermore feared will affect the problem of weight and disease-based nutrition.
In China and other East Asian countries, homemade baby food remains common, and babies start with rice grains called xifan, then turn to mashed, soft, tofu and fish. In Sweden, it usually starts with mashed fruits, such as bananas, as well as oatmeal and mashed vegetables. In western Africa, grits are often the first solid food given to children.
Controversy
Some commercial baby food has been criticized for its content and its price.
For decades, there have been several withdrawal of baby food due to concerns about contamination or decay. In 1984 and 1986, Gerber was involved in a scandal over food jars broken in transit, which dramatically affected sales and profitability, although the US Food and Drug Administration later concluded that the company was innocent. In 1987, Beechnut paid US $ 25 million to settle allegations of selling contaminated apple juice in the early 1980s. In 2011, Nestlà ©  © France decided to withdraw some baby food as a precautionary measure after a customer reportedly found broken glass in one of their jars. Investigation of the scope of the incident led the company to conclude that the event was an isolated event and that the rest of the batch was unaffected.
Market
Baby food and formula markets are estimated at $ 35 billion by 2015.
Commercial baby food in the United States is dominated by Gerber, which has about 70% of American market share in 1996. Beechnut has about 15% of the market, and Heinz has about 10%. Heinz's Earth's Best, the largest organic baby food brand, holds about 2% of American market share.
In Australia, Canada and New Zealand, Heinz has about 90% of market share in 1996. Heinz is also a market leader in the UK, Italy and some eastern European countries.
According to Future Market Insights The global market for baby food is estimated at US $ 62 billion by 2022, showing a modest CAGR from 2017 to 2022. Factors such as an increasing working mother population, increased awareness about the benefits of organic baby food, and more birth rates high recorded in various regions is expected to boost demand for baby food in the near future.
See also
- Breastfeeding
- Baby formula
- International Marketing Code of Breast Substitute
- boycott NestlÃÆ'Â ©
- Organic Baby Products
References
External links
- When do I introduce solid foods ?: NHS options
- Baby, wean: Choice of NHS
- Solid: first step: Choice of NHS
- Introducing solid foods: What you need to know from the Mayo Clinic.
- Feeding Tips from Baby Care Encyclopedia.
- The Evolution of the Baby Food Industry 2000-2008, Federal Trade Commission Working Paper, 2009
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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