Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Charlotte is a patron of amateur art and botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens. She was depressed by her husband's physical and mental illness, which became permanent in the future and resulted in the appointment of their eldest son as the Regent's Prince in 1811. George III and Charlotte had 15 children in total, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. She is the mother of two future English kings, George IV and William IV. His other children include Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, and Charlotte, Queen of WÃÆ'¼rttemberg. Video Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
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Sophia Charlotte was born on May 19, 1744. She is the youngest daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg (1708-1752, known as "Prince of Mirow") and his wife, Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1713-1761). Mecklenburg-Strelitz is a small duchy of Northern Germany in the Holy Roman Empire.
The children of Duke Charles are all born at the Unteres Schloss (Lower Castle) in Mirow. According to a diplomatic report during his engagement to George III in 1761, Charlotte has received "a very mediocre education". His care is similar to that of a daughter of a British country man. He received some basic instruction in botany, the natural and linguistic history of the tutor, but his education focused on household management and on religion, most recently taught by a priest. Only after his brother Adolphus Frederick had succeeded in reaching the royal throne in 1752 did he gain any experience of the prince's duties and the life of the court.
Maps Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Wedding
When King George III succeeded in occupying the throne of England after the death of his grandfather, George II, he was 22 years old and unmarried. Her mother and counselors were eager for her to marry. The 17-year-old daughter of Charlotte from Mecklenburg-Strelitz appealed to her as a partial aspirant because she had been raised in an insignificant northern German duchy and therefore may have no experience or interest in political power or party intrigue. That proves to be the case; to make sure, he instructed him immediately after their marriage "did not interfere," a doctrine that he likes to follow.
The king announced to his Council in July 1761, in accordance with his usual form, his intention to marry Princess, after which an escort party, led by Earl Harcourt, set out for Germany to lead Princess Charlotte to England. They reached Strelitz on August 14, 1761, and were received the following day by the duke of the duke, Princess Charlotte's sister, at which time a marriage contract was signed by her on one side and Earl Harcourt on the other. Three days of public celebration followed, and on 17 August 1761, the Princess went to England, accompanied by her brother Adipathus Adolphus Frederick, and by the British escort. On August 22, they reached Cuxhaven, where a small fleet was waiting to take them to England. The voyage was very difficult; the party found three storms in the sea, and landed in Harwich only on 7 September. They traveled all the way to London, spent the evening at Witham, at Lord Abercorn's residence, and arrived at 3.30 pm the following day at St. James in London. They were accepted by the King and his family at the garden gate, which marked the first meeting of the bride and groom.
At 9:00 pm the same night (September 8, 1761), within six hours of his arrival, Charlotte united in marriage with King George III. The ceremony is performed at the Royal Chapel, St James's Palace, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Secker. Only the royal family, the party traveling from Germany, and several guests attended.
The Queen
After her wedding day, Charlotte did not speak English. He did, however, quickly learn English, despite speaking with a strong German accent. Many observers consider it "ugly", and one commented, "At first she was shy, but talked a lot, when she was among the people she knew."
Less than a year after the wedding, on August 12, 1762, the Queen gave birth to her first child, Prince of Wales, who later became King George IV. In the course of their marriage, the couple became the parents of 15 children, all but two of whom (Octavius ​​and Alfred) survived into adulthood.
St James's Palace is the official residence of the royal couple, but the king has just bought a nearby property, Buckingham House, located on the western end of St James's Park. Relatively more personal and compact, a new property stands amid a rolling garden not far from St James's Palace. Around the year 1762, the King and the Queen moved to this residence, which was originally intended as a private retreat. The Queen came to support this residence, spending so much time there that became known as The Queen's House. Indeed, in 1775, a Parliament Act settled property in Queen Charlotte in exchange for its rights to Somerset House (see Old and New London below). Most of his 15 sons were born at Buckingham House, although St James's Palace remains the official residence and royal ceremonial.
During his first years in the United Kingdom, Charlotte's tense relations with his mother-in-law, Princess Augusta, caused her difficulties to adapt to the life of the English courts. The Queen Mother interrupted Charlotte's attempts to establish social contact by forcing a rigid court etiquette. Furthermore, Augusta pointed to many of Charlotte's staff, among whom some were expected to report to Augusta about Charlotte's behavior. When he turned to his German friends for friends, he was criticized for saving favorites, especially his close confidence Juliane von Schwellenberg.
The king enjoys country activities and horseback riding and prefers to keep his family's residence as much as possible in the rural towns of Kew and Richmond-upon-Thames. He likes an informal and relaxed home life, anxiously that some courtiers are more accustomed to displaying grand splendor and protocol. Lady Mary Coke was furious when she heard in July 1769 that the King, Queen, her brother, Prince Ernest and Lady Effingham, had gone for a walk through Richmond without a maid. "I'm not satisfied in my thoughts about the propriety of a Queen who walks around town unattended."
From 1778, the Royal family spent much of their time in the newly built residence, the Queen's Lodge in Windsor, opposite Windsor Castle, in Windsor Great Park, where the King enjoyed a hunting deer. The Queen is responsible for the interior decoration of their new residence, described by a friend of the Royal Family and author Mary Delany: "The entrance to the first room is enchanting, all furnished with beautiful Indian paper, chairs covered with different embroidery than most life, color, glass, table, sconces, in the best taste, the whole is calculated to give the biggest cheer to the place. "
Queen Charlotte made herself loved by the herdsmen and her children by treating them with warmth, reflected in this note she wrote to her assistant assistant daughter:
Dear Miss Hamilton, What can I say? Not much! But to say good morning, in the beautiful blue and white room where I feel happy to sit and read with you The Hermit , a poem I love very much that I have read twice this summer. Oh! It is a blessing to keep good company! Quite possibly I should not get acquainted with any of the poets or the poem is not for you.
Charlotte does have an influence on political affairs through the King, an influence that is not considered to have been abused. His influence was wise and indirect, as shown in correspondence with his brother Charles. He used his proximity to George III to stay informed and make recommendations for the office. Apparently, his recommendation was not immediate, for on one occasion, in 1779, asked his brother Charles to burn his letter, because the king suspected that someone he had recently advocated for office was a client of a woman who sold offices. Charlotte was particularly interested in the German issue. He was interested in the Bavarian War of Succession (1778-1789), and perhaps it was because of his efforts that the King supported British intervention in the ongoing conflict between Joseph II and Charles Theodore of Bavaria in 1785.
When the King experienced his first mental illness, while, in 1765, his mother-in-law and Mr. Bute made Charlotte unaware of the situation. The Regency Bill of 1765 states that if the King had to be permanently unable to rule, Charlotte became the Regent. This had failed to be opposed by his mother-in-law and Lord Bute, but because of King's sickness in 1765 only temporarily, Charlotte did not realize it, nor from Bill Regency.
The King's battle of physical and mental illness in 1788 saddened and feared the Queen. He was heard by writer Fanny Burney, at that moment one of the Queen's servants, moaning to herself with "a voice of despair": "What will happen to me? What will happen to me?" When the King fainted one night, he refused to be left alone with him and successfully insisted that he would be given his own bedroom. When the doctor, Warren, was called, he was not told and was not given a chance to talk to him. When told by Prince of Wales that the King will be transferred to Kew, but that he must move to Queens House or Windsor, he manages to insist that he accompanied his wife to Kew. However, he and his daughter were taken to Kew separately from the King and lived remotely from him during his illness. They routinely visit him, but his visits tend to be uncomfortable, as he tends to embrace them and refuse to let them go.
During the 1788 King's disease, there was a conflict between the Queen and the Prince of Wales, who were both suspected of wishing to regard the District, if the King's disease became permanent which resulted in him being declared unfit to govern. The Queen suspects Prince Wales of the plan for the King to be declared crazy with the help of Doctor Warren, and takes over the District. The followers of the Prince of Wales, especially Sir Gilbert Ellis, in turn suspected the Queen of the plan to make the King declared sane with the help of Doctor Willis and Prime Minister Pitt, so he could ask the Regent he appointed if he fell ill. again, and then he is declared crazy again and regards the District. According to Doctor Warren, Doctor Willis urged him to declare a sane King on the orders of the Queen.
In the 1789 District Bill, the Prince of Wales was declared a Regent, in case the King permanently went crazy, but also placed the King himself, his court and little children under the guardianship of the Queen. The Queen used this Bill when she refused permission of the Prince of Wales to see the King alone, even after he was declared sane again in the spring of 1789. The conflict around the District caused a serious dispute between the Prince of Wales and his mother. In an argument he accuses him of siding with his enemies, while he calls him the enemy of the King. Their conflict became public when he refused to invite him to a concert held to celebrate the restoration of the King, who created the scandal. Queen Charlotte and Prince Wales finally reconciled, at its initiative, in March 1791.
Although the King was restored in 1789, he remained vulnerable mentally, and his health was easily controlled by emotional distress. The need to rescue any King who could irritate him and provoke a new explosion of disease puts the Queen under considerable pressure.
When the King gradually mad permanently, the queen's personality changes: he develops a bad temper, drowns in depression, no longer enjoys performing in public, even at music concerts he loves so much, and his relationships with his adult children become tense.. From 1792, he found some relief from his worries about her husband by plotting a garden and a new home decor for herself, Frogmore House, at Windsor Home Park.
From 1804 onwards, when the King showed declining mental health, Queen Charlotte slept in a separate bedroom, ate separated from her, and avoided seeing her alone.
Interests and patronage
King George III and Queen Charlotte are music connoisseurs with German tastes, which pay special tribute to German artists and composers. They are passionate admirers of George Frideric Handel's music.
In April 1764, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, then eight years old, arrived in England with his family as part of their big tour of Europe and remained until July 1765. Mozarts was summoned to court on May 19 and played in front of a limited circle of six to ten. Johann Christian Bach, the eleventh son of the great Johann Sebastian Bach, was then a music teacher to the Queen. He laid down the difficult works of Handel, J. S. Bach, and Carl Friedrich Abel in front of the boy: he played them all, right down to the admiration of the people present. Afterwards, the young Mozart accompanied the Queen in the aria she sang, and played the solo work on the flute. On October 29, Mozarts was in London again, and was invited to court to celebrate the king's fourth access anniversary. As a memento of the royal favors, Leopold Mozart publishes six sonatas compiled by Wolfgang, known as Mozart's Opus 3, dedicated to the Queen on January 18, 1765, a dedication which he rewarded with a prize of 50 guineas.
Queen Charlotte is an amateur botanist who is very interested in Kew Gardens. In the age of discovery, when travelers and explorers such as Capt. James Cook and Sir Joseph Banks constantly brought home new species and crop varieties, he ensured that the collection was enriched and expanded. His interest in botany caused the South African flower, Bird of Paradise , to be named Strelitzia reginae in his honor.
Among the craftsmen and artists favored by the royal couple were the cabinet makers William Vile, the silver craftsman Thomas Heming, landscape designer, Brownian Capability, and German painter Johann Zoffany, who often painted kings and queens and their children in informal scenes who was charming, like a portrait of Queen Charlotte and her children as she sat at her dresser. In 1788, the royal couple visited the Worcester Porcelain Factory (founded in 1751, later known as Royal Worcester), where Queen Charlotte ordered a porcelain service which later renamed "Royal Lily" in her honor. Another well-known porcelain service designed and named in his honor is the "Queen Charlotte" pattern.
The Queen established an orphanage and, in 1809, became a patron (providing new funds) Public Hospital Lay, a hospital for pregnant women. It was later renamed the Queen's Hospital, and now Queen Charlotte and Chelsea Hospital. Women's education was very important to her, and she made sure that her daughter was better educated than usual for young women at the time; However, he also insisted that his daughter lead a life close to their mother, and she refused to let them marry until they were very advanced in a few years. As a result, none of his daughters had a legitimate problem (one, Princess Sophia, may have an illegitimate child).
Relationship with Marie Antoinette
The French Revolution of 1789 probably added to the tension that Charlotte felt. Queen Charlotte and Queen Marie Antoinette of France have maintained a close relationship. Charlotte is 11 years older than Marie Antoinette, but they share many interests, such as their love of music and art, where they are both enthusiastically interested. Never met face to face, they handed their friendship to pen and paper. Marie Antoinette admitted in Charlotte at the outbreak of the French Revolution. Charlotte has arranged an apartment to be prepared and ready for the French refugee royal family to occupy.
Husband Disease
Until the year 1788, portraits of Charlotte often depict it in the mother's poses with her children, and she looked young and satisfied; However, that year her husband fell seriously ill and became insane temporarily. It is now considered that the King suffered from porphyria, but at that time the cause of King's disease was unknown. Sir Thomas Lawrence's painting of him now marks the point of transition, after which he looks much older in his portrait; The Assistant Guardian of the Wardrobe Charlotte, Mrs. Papendiek, wrote that the Queen was "very altered, her hair very gray".
After the beginning of his permanent madness in 1811, George III was placed under his wife's guardianship in accordance with the District Bills of 1789. He could not visit him often, due to his uncertain behavior and sometimes violent reactions. It is estimated that he did not visit him again after June 1812. However, Charlotte still supported his partner because his illness, which is now believed to be a porphyria, worsens in old age. While his son, the Regent's Prince, holds the royal power, he is the legal guardian of his partner from 1811 until his death in 1818. Because of King's disease, he is unable to know or understand that he has died.
During his son's Regency, Queen Charlotte continues to fill her role as the first lady in royal representation due to the estrangement of Prince Regent and his wife. Thus, he served as a hostess beside his son at official receptions, such as the celebrations given in London to celebrate the defeat of Emperor Napoleon in 1814. He also oversaw the education of Charlotte of Wales. During his final years, he met with diminishing popularity and was sometimes the target of demonstrations. After attending a reception in London on 29 April 1817, he was scorned by the crowd. He told the crowd that it was annoying to be treated like that after such a long time.
Death
The Queen died in the presence of her eldest son, the Regent's Prince, who holds her hand as she sits in an armchair in a family retreat, the Dutch House in Surrey (now known as Kew Palace). She is buried in the St. George Chapel, Windsor Castle. Her husband died a year later. He was the second longest companion in British history (after the present Duke of Edinburgh), having served such a service from his marriage (on 8 September 1761) to his death (17 November 1818), a total of 57 years and 70 days.
His eldest son, the Regent's Prince, claimed Charlotte's jewelry on his death, but the rest of his possessions were sold at auction from May to August 1819. His clothes, furniture, and even tobacco were sold by Christie. It is highly unlikely that her husband ever knew about her death. He died blind, deaf, paralyzed and mad 14 months later.
Legacy
Places named after him include the Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii ) in British Columbia, Canada, and Queen Charlotte City at Haida Gwaii; Queen Charlotte Sound (not far from Haida Gwaii Islands); Queen Charlotte Bay in West Falkland; Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand; several forts, including Fort Charlotte, Saint Vincent; Charlottesville, Virginia; Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; Charlotte, North Carolina; Mecklenburg County, North Carolina; Mecklenburg County, Virginia; Charlotte County, Virginia, Charlotte County, Florida, Port Charlotte, Florida, and Charlotte Harbor, Florida. The proposed Vandalia colony in North America (because of its Vandal ancestors, see below) and Charlotina were also named for him. Queen Street, or Lebuh Queen as it is known in Malay, is the main street in Penang, Malaysia named after him. In Tonga, the royal family adopted the name S? Lote (Tongan Charlotte version) in his honor, and famous people including S? Lote Lupepau? U and S? Lote Tupou III.
Provision of funding to the General Lying-in Hospital in London prevented its closure; today was named the Queen Charlotte and Chelsea Hospital, and is a recognized center of excellence among maternity hospitals. A large copy of Allan Ramsay's portrait of Queen Charlotte hangs in the main lobby of the hospital.
The Queen Charlotte statue stands on Queen Square in Bloomsbury, London, and at Charlotte/Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, was hired in 1766 as Queen's College, referring to Queen Charlotte. It was renamed until 1825, in honor of Henry Rutgers, a Revolutionary War officer and a college philanthropist. The oldest surviving buildings, the Old Queen's (built 1809-1823), and the city block that make up the historic core of the university, the Queen's Campus, retain their original name.
Queen Charlotte was played by Helen Mirren in the 1994 movie The Madness of King George.
Title, style and arm
Title and style
- May 19, 1744 - September 8, 1761: Serene Goodness Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg
- September 8, 1761 - November 17, 1818: Your Highness The Queen
Weapon
The Kingdom of England symbolizes her father's arm as the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The weapons are: Three quarters of six, 1, or, the Sable-headed buffalo-headed Argentine armed and ringed, titled Gules (Mecklenburg); 2, Azure, griffin segreant Or (Rostock); 3, Per Fess, at the head of Azure, griffin segreant Or, and on the base of Vert, an Argent (Principality of Schwerin) border; 4, Gules, a patent Patà © a Argent crown Or (Ratzeburg); 5, Gules, the Argent dexter arm removes from the cloud on the evil side and holds the finger ring Or (County of Schwerin); 6, Or, Sable buffalo head, Armed Argent, crown and langued Gules (Wenden); Overall it is an incescutcheon, per fess Gules and Or (Stargard).
The Queen's Arms changed twice to reflect the changes in her husband's embrace, once in 1801 and then again in 1816. A bathing bath featuring the full emblem of the Queen, painted in 1818, was displayed at Kew Palace.
Problem
Ancestor
Claim of African descent
Mario de Valdes y Cocom, historian of the African Diaspora, suggests that Charlotte may have a distant African ancestor; he was descended from the Margarita de Castro e Souza, a 15th-century Portuguese noblewoman, tracing his ancestors to King Afonso III of Portugal (1210-1279) and one of his mistress, Madragana (c.1230-?).
In the 1996 episode of the PBS TV series, Valdes speculated that Scottish painter Allan Ramsay emphasized the Queen's "mulatto" appearance in her portrait to support the anti-slave trade movement, noting that Baron Stockmar described the Queen has a "mulatto face" in his autobiography and that other contemporary sources make similar observations.
Critics of the Valdes theory show that margaritas of margaritas Margarita and Madragana that are far away in the queen family tree - nine and 15 generations are removed, respectively - making their African ancestors descended to Charlotte negligible. It is uncertain whether Madragana is even black. In addition, Charlotte shares the offspring of Alfonso and Madragana with a large proportion of European nobility and nobility.
In 2017, David Buck, a spokesman for Buckingham Palace, was quoted by the Boston Globe as saying: "It has been rumored for years.This is a historical matter, and frankly, we've got far more important to talked about. "
Note
References
Bibliography
- Ayling, Stanley (1972). George the Third . London: Collins. ISBNÃ, 0-00-211412-7.
- Barr, Michael C. and Wilkens, Edward (1973). List of Nominated Inventory National Historic Sites for the Queens Campus at Rutgers, State University of New Jersey. Retrieved on September 5, 2013.
- Brooke, John (1972). King George III . London: Constable. ISBN: 0-09-456110-9.
- Drinkuth, Friederike (2011). Queen Charlotte. A princess from Mecklenburg-Strelitz climbed the British Throne. Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin, ISBN 978-3-940207-79-1
- Fraser, Flora (2005). Daughter: Six Daughter George III . Alfred A. Knopf. ISBNÃ, 0-679-45118-8
- Hedley, Olwen (1975). Queen Charlotte J Murray ISBNÃ, 0-7195-3104-7
- Hibbert, Christopher (1999). George III: Personal History . London: Penguin Books. ISBN: 0-14-025737-3.
- Holt, Edward (1820). The public and domestic life of His Excellency the Most Gracious, George the Third, Volume 1 . London: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones.
- Kassler, Michael (ed.) (2015). The Diary of Queen Charlotte, 1789 and 1794 , vol. 4 from Michael Kassler (ed.), Memoir of the Court of George III . London, Pickering & amp; Chatto, ISBN 978-1-8489-34696
- Levey, Michael (1977). Royal Subject: Portrait of Queen Charlotte . London: National Gallery.
- Weir, Alison (2008). The Royal Family of England, The Complete Genealogy . London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5. span>
External links
- Queen Charlotte, 1744-1818: Bilingual Exhibition (c1994)
- "Famous Family Race Lines - Queen Charlotte" on the PBS site
- "King George III: Mad or Misunderstanding?" BBC
- "Filing material related to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz". National Archives of England.
- Stuart Jeffries, "Is this the first black queen in England?" The Guardian (March 12, 2009)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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