Alice's daughter from Battenberg (Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie, 25 February 1885 - December 5, 1969) is the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and Queen Elizabeth II's mother-in-law.
As granddaughter of Queen Victoria, she grew up in the United Kingdom, the German Empire, and the Mediterranean. He was congenally deaf. After marrying Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark in 1903, he used the style of Andrew's daughter from Greece and Denmark . He lived in Greece until the exile of most of the Greek royal family in 1917. On his return to Greece a few years later, her husband was blamed in part because of the defeat of the country in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), and the family was once again forced into exile until the restoration of the monarchy Greece in 1935.
In 1930, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and committed to a sanatorium in Switzerland; after that, he lives apart from her husband. After recovering, he devoted much of his remaining time to work in Greece. He lived in Athens during the Second World War, protecting Jewish refugees, who are therefore recognized as "Good People Among Nations" by the Israeli Holocaust funeral agency Yad Vashem. After the war, he lived in Greece and founded the Orthodox order of nuns known as Christian Sisterhood of Martha and Mary.
After the fall of King Constantine II of Greece and the imposition of military rule in Greece in 1967, he was invited by his son and son-in-law to live at Buckingham Palace in London, where he died two years later. His body was transferred to an Orthodox monastery on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem in 1988.
Video Princess Alice of Battenberg
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Alice was born in the Tapestry Room at Windsor Castle in Berkshire in the presence of her great-grandmother, Queen Victoria. He is the eldest son of Prince Louis of Battenberg and his wife, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. His mother was the eldest daughter of Princess Alice, the second daughter of the Queen. His father was the eldest son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by the Rhine through his inner marriage with Julia von Hauke, Princess Battenberg. Her three younger sisters, Louise, George, and Louis, later became Queen of Sweden, Marquess Milford Haven, and Earl Mountbatten of Burma, respectively.
He was baptized Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie in Darmstadt on 25 April 1885. She had six godparents: her three grandfathers alive, Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, and Julia, Princess Battenberg; his aunt, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna from Russia and Princess Marie of Erbach-SchÃÆ'¶nberg; and his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria.
Alice spent her childhood between Darmstadt, London, Jugenheim, and Malta (where her naval officer's father was sometimes stationed). Her mother noticed that she was slow in learning to speak, and became concerned about her vague pronunciation. Eventually, she was diagnosed with congenital deafness after her grandmother identified the problem and took her to an ear specialist. With encouragement from his mother, Alice learns to read lips and speaks in English and German. Educated personally, he learned French, and then, after his engagement, he learned Greek. His early years were spent in the company of his royal relatives, and he was a bridesmaid at the wedding of the Duke of York (then King George V) and Mary of Teck in 1893. A few weeks before his sixteenth birthday he attended the funeral of Queen Victoria in the Chapel of St George, Windsor Castle, and shortly afterwards he was confirmed in the Anglican faith.
Maps Princess Alice of Battenberg
Wedding
Princess Alice met and fell in love with Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (known as Andrea in the family), fourth son of King George I and Queen Olga of Greece, while in London for the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902. They married in a civil ceremony on October 6, 1903 in Darmstadt. The next day, there were two religious wedding ceremonies; a Lutheran at the Church of Evangelical Castle, and a Greek Orthodox in the Russian Chapel in MathildenhÃÆ'¶he. She adopted her husband's style, becoming "Andrew's Daughter". The bride and groom are closely connected with the ruling houses of England, Germany, Russia, Denmark and Greece; their marriage was one of the great meetings of the descendants of Queen Victoria and Christian IX of Denmark held before World War I.
Prince and Princess Andrew has five children:
- Princess Margarita from Greece and Denmark (April 18, 1905 - April 24, 1981), who married Gottfried, Prince Hohenlohe-Langenburg (March 24, 1897 - May 11, 1960);
- Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (May 30, 1906 - October 16, 1969), married Berthold, Margrave of Baden (February 24, 1906 - October 27, 1963);
- Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (June 22, 1911 - November 16, 1937), married to Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse (November 8, 1906 - November 16, 1937);
- Sophie's daughter from Greece and Denmark (June 26, 1914 - November 24, 2001), who married first Prince Christoph of Hesse (May 14, 1901 - October 7, 1943) and both Prince George William of Hanover (March 25, 1915-8) January 2006); and
- Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (born June 10, 1921), who married Queen Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926).
All the children of Prince and Princess Andrew then have their own children.
After their marriage, Prince Andrew continued his career in the military and Princess Andrew became involved in charity work. In 1908, he visited Russia for the wedding of the Great Duke of Russia and Prince William of Sweden. While there, he spoke with his aunt, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, who was plotting for the establishment of the nurse's religious order. Princess Andrew attends laying the foundation stone for her new church. Later that year, the Grand Duchess began to share all his possessions in preparation for a more spiritual life. Upon their return to Greece, Prince and Princess Andrew find the political situation deteriorating, as the Athenian government refuses to support the Cretacean parliament, which calls for the unity of Crete (which is still part of the Ottoman Empire) with the Greek mainland. A group of disgruntled officers formed the Greek Nationalist Military League that eventually led to the resignation of Prince Andrew from the army and the rising power of Eleftherios Venizelos.
Consecutive life crisis
With the advent of the Balkan War, Prince Andrew was restored in the army and Princess Andrew acted as a nurse, assisted in the operation and set up a field hospital, a job that King George V gave him the Royal Red Cross in 1913. During World War I, his brother-in-law, King Constantine from Greece, following a policy of neutrality despite the democratically elected Venizelos government supporting the Allies. Princess Andrew and his sons were forced to take refuge in the palace underground during the French bombing in Athens on December 1, 1916. In June 1917, the king's policy of neutrality became so untenable that he and other members of the Greek royal family were forced into exile. when his brother-in-law abdicated. Over the next few years, most of the Greek royal family lived in Switzerland.
The global war effectively ended most of the political power of European dynasties. His father's naval career, Prince Louis of Battenberg, had collapsed at the start of the war in the face of anti-German sentiment in Britain. At the request of King George V, he released the title of Hessian Prince of Battenberg and Serene Highness style on July 14, 1917 and annulled the family name to Mountbatten. The next day, the King created him the Marquess of Milford Haven in the Royal Crown nobility. The following year, two of his aunts, Alix, Empress of Russia, and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna were assassinated by the Bolsheviks after the Russian revolution. At the end of the war, the Russian, German, and Austrian-Hungarian kingdoms fell, and Uncle Princess Andrew, Ernest Louis, Great Duke of Hesse, was overthrown.
At the restoration of King Constantine in 1920, they briefly returned to Greece, taking up residence at Mon Repos in Corfu. But after the defeat of the Hellenic Army in the Greco-Turkish War, the Revolutionary Committees under the command of Colonel Nikolaos Plastiras and Stylianos Gonatas seized power and forced King Constantine into exile once more. Prince Andrew, who had served as commander of the Second Army Corps during the war, was arrested. Several former ministers and generals who were arrested at the same time were shot after a brief trial, and British diplomats assumed that Prince Andrew was also in deadly danger. After the court show he was sentenced to exile, and Prince and Princess Andrew and their sons fled from Greece on a British cruiser, HMS Calypso, under the protection of the British naval attache, Commander Gerald Talbot.
Disease
The family settled in a small house lent to them by Princess George of Greece in Saint-Cloud, in the suburbs of Paris, where Princess Andrew helped at a Greek refugee charity shop. He became very religious, and on 20 October 1928 entered the Greek Orthodox Church. That winter, she translated her husband's defense of her actions during the Greco-Turkish War into English. Soon afterwards, he began to claim that he received a divine message and that he had healing powers. In 1930, after a severe nervous breakdown, Princess Andrew was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, first by Thomas Ross, a psychiatrist specializing in shock, and then by Sir Maurice Craig, who took care of the future of King George VI before he addressed the therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed at Dr. Ernst Simmel's sanatorium in Tegel, Berlin. She was forcibly displaced from her family and placed in the sanatorium Dr. Ludwig Binswanger in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. It is a well-known and respected institution with several celebrity patients, including Vaslav Nijinsky, ballet dancer and choreographer, who was there at the same time as Princess Andrew. Binswanger also diagnosed the princess with schizophrenia. Both he and Simmel consulted with Sigmund Freud who believed that his delusions were the result of sexual frustration. He recommends "X-raying his ovaries to kill his libido." Princess Andrew protests her sanity and repeatedly tries to leave asylum.
During the lengthy restoration of Princess Andrew, she and Prince Andrew separated, her two daughters married German princes in 1930 and 1931 (she did not attend any of the weddings), and Prince Philip went to England to live with her uncles, Lord Louis Mountbatten and George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, and his grandmother, Marchioness of Milford Haven.
Princess Andrew remained in Kreuzlingen for two years, but after a short visit at a clinic in Meran was released and started the journey, the existence of a disguise in Central Europe. He maintained contact with his mother, but severed ties with his entire family until the end of 1936. In 1937, his daughter Cecilie, the son-in-law and two of his grandchildren were killed in an air crash in Ostend; he and Prince Andrew met for the first time in six years at the cemetery (Prince Philip, Lord Louis Mountbatten and Hermann GÃÆ'¶ring were also present). He went on contact with his family, and in 1938 returned to Athens alone to work with the poor, living in a two-room apartment near the Benaki Museum.
World War II
During World War II, Princess Andrew was in a difficult situation as her son-in-law fought on the side of Germany and a son in the Royal Navy. His cousin, Prince Victor zu Erbach-SchÃÆ'¶nberg, was the German ambassador in Greece until the occupation of Athens by the Axis troops in April 1941. He and his brother-in-law, Princess Nicholas of Greece (mother of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent) Athena during the war, while most of the Greek royal family remained in exile in South Africa. He moved from his small flat and entered his brother-in-law's three-story George house in central Athens. He works for the Red Cross, helping set up a common kitchen for the starving population and flies to Sweden to bring back medical supplies on the grounds of visiting his sister Louise, who is married to the Crown Prince. He arranged two shelters for orphans and lost, and a series of treatments for the poor environment.
The occupying forces apparently thought of Putri Andrew pro-German, as one of his son-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse, was a member of the NSDAP and Waffen-SS, and the other, Berthold, Margrave of Baden, was ousted from German troops in 1940 after injury in France. However, when visited by a German general who asks, "Is there anything I can do for you?", He replied, "you can bring your troops out of my country."
After the fall of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in September 1943, the German Army occupied Athens, where the Greek Jewish minority sought refuge. The majority (about 60,000 of the total population of 75,000) were deported to Nazi concentration camps, where all but 2,000 people died. During this period, Princess Andrew hides Jewish widow Rachel Cohen and two of her five children, who seek to avoid the Gestapo and deport to the death camp. Earlier, in 1913, Rachel's husband, Haimaki Cohen, had helped King George I of Greece. In return, King George offered him whatever service he could do, should Cohen need it. Years later, during the Nazi threat, Cohen's son remembered this, and pleaded with Princess Andrew, who, along with Princess Nicholas, was one of the two remaining members of the royal family in Greece. He honored the promise and saved the Cohen family.
When Athena was released in October 1944, Harold Macmillan visited Princess Andrew and described it as "living in humility, not to say filthy conditions". In a letter to his son, he admits that in the last week before release he has no food except bread and butter, and no meat for several months. In early December, the situation in Athens was far from improving; Communist rebels (ELAS) are fighting the British to dominate the capital. As the battle continues, Princess Andrew is told that her husband has died, as the couple's post-war reunion hope is on the rise. They had not seen each other since 1939. During the battle, anxiously from England, he insisted on walking the streets distributing rations to police and children contrary to the curfew orders. When told that he might have been shot by a stray bullet, he replied "they told me that you did not hear a shot that killed you and in any case I am deaf, so why worry about that?"
Widowhood
Princess Andrew returned to the United Kingdom in April 1947 to attend the November marriage of his only son, Philip, to Princess Elizabeth, the eldest daughter and the heir apparent of King George VI. He has some of the remaining gems used on Princess Elizabeth's engagement ring. On the wedding day, his son was created Duke of Edinburgh by George VI. For the wedding ceremony, Princess Andrew sits on the head of her family on the north side of Westminster Abbey, opposite the King, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary. It was decided not to invite Princess Princess Andrew to marriage because of anti-German sentiment in Britain after World War II.
In January 1949, the princess established a nursing order from the Greek Orthodox sisters, the Christian Brotherhood of Martha and Mary, modeled after the monastery that her aunt, the martyr of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, had been established in Russia in 1909. She trained the Greek island of Tinos, set up a home for order in the northern hamlet of Athens, and made two United States tours in 1950 and 1952 in an effort to raise funds. His mother was stunned by his actions, "What can you say about a nun who smokes and plays canasta?", He said. Her daughter-in-law became the queen of the Commonwealth kingdom in 1952, and Princess Andrew attended her coronation in June 1953, wearing a two-tone and wimple gray dress in her nun's habitual style. However, the order ultimately failed due to the lack of suitable applicants.
In 1960, he visited India at the invitation of Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, who had been impressed by Princess Andrew's interest in Indian religious thought, and for his own spiritual quest. The trip stalled when he suddenly fell ill, and his sister-in-law, Edwina Mountbatten, who happened to pass Delhi on her own tour, had to smooth everything with the shocked host of India when Princess Andrew suddenly changed her plans. He then claims that he has an out-of-body experience. Edwina went on her own tour, and died the following month.
Increasingly deaf and failing in health, Princess Andrew left Greece for the last time after Colonels Coup of 21 April 1967. Queen Elizabeth II and Duke of Edinburgh invited Princess Andrew to live permanently at Buckingham Palace in London. King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Anne-Marie went into exile in December after a counter-coup failed.
Death and burial
Despite suggestions of senility later on, Princess Andrew remains clear but physically weak. He died at Buckingham Palace on December 5, 1969. He left no treasure, after giving everything. Originally his body was stationed at Royal Crypt at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, but before he died he expressed his desire to be buried at the Mary Magdalene Monastery in Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem (near his aunt Dodess Elizabeth Feodorovna, a Russian Orthodox saint). When his daughter, Princess George of Hanover, complained that it would be too far for them to visit her grave, Princess Andrew joked, "Nonsense, there is an excellent bus service!" His wish was realized on August 3, 1988 when his body was transferred to his final resting place in a crypt under the church.
On October 31, 1994, two surviving Princess Andrew daughters, Duke of Edinburgh and Princess George of Hanover, went to Yad Vashem (Holocaust Memorial) in Jerusalem to witness a ceremony that honored itself as a "Civilized Man Among Nations" for hiding the Cohens at his home in Athens during the Second World War. Prince Philip said of his mother's protection against persecuted Jews, "I suspect that it never occurred to him that his actions were anything special, he was a man of deep religious conviction, and he would take it as something very natural. fellow creatures in trouble. "In 2010, Princess was posthumously named Hero of the Holocaust by the British Government.
Title, style, and honor
Title and style
- February 25, 1885 - October 6, 1903: Serennya goodness Princess Alice from Battenberg
- October 6, 1903 - December 5, 1969: His Royal Highness Andrew of Greece and Denmark
- From 1949 until his death, he was sometimes known as Superior Mother Alice-Elizabeth
Awards
- Dame Grand Cross from the Holy Order of Olga and Sophia (1903)
- Royal Red Cross (1913)
Posthumed:
- Righteous Among the Nations (1993)
Ancestor
Footnote
References
External links
- Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs 'and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
- Portrait of Princess Alice from Battenberg at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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